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      Causas de mortalidad en pacientes con linfoma de Hodgkin Translated title: Causes of mortality in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

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          Abstract

          Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo-descriptivo en el Servicio de Hematología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "Hermanos Ameijeiras" para conocer las causas de muerte en pacientes con diagnóstico de linfoma de Hodgkin tratados desde enero de 1983 hasta diciembre de 2008. De los 619 pacientes diagnosticados en ese período, la muestra quedó constituida por 443, de los cuales 287 (64,8 %) se encontraban vivos al final del estudio y 156 (35,2 %) habían fallecido. La recaída/progresión de la enfermedad fue la causa más importante de muerte, independientemente de la edad de presentación, la modalidad de tratamiento empleada y el tiempo de evolución (125 pacientes, 80 %). El 20 % restante de las muertes ocurrió por segundas neoplasias en 10 pacientes (6,4 %), complicaciones del tratamiento en 8 (5,1 %), complicaciones infecciosas fatales en 2 (1,2 %) y enfermedad cardiovascular en 3 (1,9 %). En 8 pacientes (5,1 %) no se precisó la causa de muerte. Las segundas neoplasias predominaron en pacientes de 40-59 años, que recibieron la modalidad de tratamiento combinada y con menos de 10 años de evolución.

          Translated abstract

          A retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Hematology Service at Hermanos Ameijeriras Hospital to know the causes of death in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, who were treated from January 1983 to December 2008. Out of 619 patients diagnosed in that period, the total sample was formed by 443 patients. 287 (64.8 %) of them were alive at the end of the study, and 156 (35.2%) had died. This disease relapse/progression were the leading cause of death, regardless age of its presentation, treatment used, and the time of progression (125 patients, 80 %). The remaining 20 % of deaths occurred from secondary malignancies in 10 patients (6.4 %), complications of treatment in 8 (5.1 %), fatal infectious complications in 2 (1.2 %), and cardiovascular disease in 3 (1.9 %). In 8 patients (5.1 %) the cause of death was not stated. Secondary malignancies were predominant in patients aged 40-59, who received combined treatment with less than 10 years of evolution.

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          Most cited references35

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          Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma.

          We assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in 1474 survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) younger than 41 years at treatment (1965-1995). Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk analyses were used to quantify treatment effects on CVD risk. After a median follow-up of 18.7 years, risks of myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) were strongly increased compared with the general population (standardized incidence ratios [SIRs] = 3.6 and 4.9, respectively), resulting in 35.7 excess cases of MI and 25.6 excess cases of CHF per 10 000 patients/year. SIRs of all CVDs combined remained increased for at least 25 years and were more strongly elevated in younger patients. Mediastinal radiotherapy significantly increased the risks of MI, angina pectoris, CHF, and valvular disorders (2- to 7-fold). Anthracyclines significantly added to the elevated risks of CHF and valvular disorders from mediastinal RT (hazard ratios [HRs] were 2.81 and 2.10, respectively). The 25-year cumulative incidence of CHF after mediastinal radiotherapy and anthracyclines in competing risk analyses was 7.9%. In conclusion, risks of several CVDs are 3- to 5-fold increased in survivors of HL compared with the general population, even after prolonged follow-up, leading to increasing absolute excess risks over time. Anthracyclines further increase the elevated risks of CHF and valvular disorders from mediastinal radiotherapy.
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            Long-term cause-specific mortality of patients treated for Hodgkin's disease.

            To assess long-term cause-specific mortality of young Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients. The study population consisted of 1,261 patients treated for HD before age 41 between 1965 and 1987. Follow-up was complete until October 2000. For 95% of deaths, the cause was known. Long-term cause-specific mortality was compared with general population rates to assess relative risk (RR) and absolute excess risk (AER) of death. After a median follow-up of 17.8 years, 534 patients had died (55% of HD). The RR of death from all causes other than HD was 6.8 times that of the general population, and still amounted to 5.1 after more than 30 years. RRs of death resulting from solid tumors (STs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were increased overall (RR = 6.6 and 6.3, respectively), but especially in patients treated before age 21 (RR = 14.8 and 13.6, respectively). When these patients grew older, this elevated mortality decreased. The overall AER of death from causes other than HD increased throughout follow-up. Patients receiving salvage chemotherapy had a significantly increased RR of death from STs, compared to patients receiving initial therapy only. The main cause of death among HD patients was lymphoma, but after 20 years, HD mortality was negligible. The RRs and AERs of death from second primary cancers (SCs) and CVDs continued to increase after 10 years. Even more than 30 years after diagnosis, HD patients experienced elevated risk of death from all causes other than HD. Increased risk of death from SCs and CVDs was found especially in patients treated before age 21, but these risks seemed to abate with age.
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              Morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

              The contribution of specific cancer therapies, comorbid medical conditions, and host factors to mortality risk after pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is unclear. We assessed leading morbidities, overall and cause-specific mortality, and mortality risks among 2742 survivors of HL in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of survivors diagnosed from 1970 to 1986. Excess absolute risk for leading causes of death and cumulative incidence and standardized incidence ratios of key medical morbidities were calculated. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of risks for overall and cause-specific mortality. Substantial excess absolute risk of mortality per 10,000 person-years was identified: overall 95.5; death due to HL 38.3, second malignant neoplasms 23.9, and cardiovascular disease 13.1. Risks for overall mortality included radiation dose ≥ 3000 rad ( ≥ 30 Gy; supra-diaphragm: HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.1-12.6; infradiaphragm + supradiaphragm: HR, 7.8; 95% CI, 2.4-25.1), exposure to anthracycline (HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.6-4.3) or alkylating agents (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5), non-breast second malignant neoplasm (HR, 2.6; 95% CI 1.4-5.1), or a serious cardiovascular condition (HR, 4.4; 95% CI 2.7-7.3). Excess mortality from second neoplasms and cardiovascular disease vary by sex and persist > 20 years of follow-up in childhood HL survivors.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                med
                Revista Cubana de Medicina
                Rev. Cuban de Med
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas; Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0034-7523
                1561-302X
                December 2013
                : 52
                : 4
                : 231-241
                Affiliations
                [01] La Habana orgnameHospital Clinicoquirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75232013000400002 S0034-7523(13)05200402
                06302d99-b729-44b6-a90d-474b4bca5c2d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 January 2013
                : 16 July 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTICULOS ORIGINALES

                linfoma de Hodgkin,second neoplasm,mortality,Hodgkin lymphoma,segundas neoplasias,mortalidad

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