11
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      False Memories for Affective Information in Schizophrenia

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Studies have shown a direct link between memory for emotionally salient experiences and false memories. In particular, emotionally arousing material of negative and positive valence enhanced reality monitoring compared to neutral material since emotional stimuli can be encoded with more contextual details and thereby facilitate the distinction between presented and imagined stimuli. Individuals with schizophrenia appear to be impaired in both reality monitoring and memory for emotional experiences. However, the relationship between the emotionality of the to-be-remembered material and false memory occurrence has not yet been studied. In this study, 24 patients and 24 healthy adults completed a false memory task with everyday episodes composed of 12 photographs that depicted positive, negative, or neutral outcomes. Results showed how patients with schizophrenia made a higher number of false memories than normal controls ( p < 0.05) when remembering episodes with positive or negative outcomes. The effect of valence was apparent in the patient group. For example, it did not affect the production causal false memories ( p > 0.05) resulting from erroneous inferences but did interact with plausible, script consistent errors in patients (i.e., neutral episodes yielded a higher degree of errors than positive and negative episodes). Affective information reduces the probability of generating causal errors in healthy adults but not in patients suggesting that emotional memory impairments may contribute to deficits in reality monitoring in schizophrenia when affective information is involved.

          Related collections

          Most cited references53

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Measuring emotion: the Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential.

          The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) is a non-verbal pictorial assessment technique that directly measures the pleasure, arousal, and dominance associated with a person's affective reaction to a wide variety of stimuli. In this experiment, we compare reports of affective experience obtained using SAM, which requires only three simple judgments, to the Semantic Differential scale devised by Mehrabian and Russell (An approach to environmental psychology, 1974) which requires 18 different ratings. Subjective reports were measured to a series of pictures that varied in both affective valence and intensity. Correlations across the two rating methods were high both for reports of experienced pleasure and felt arousal. Differences obtained in the dominance dimension of the two instruments suggest that SAM may better track the personal response to an affective stimulus. SAM is an inexpensive, easy method for quickly assessing reports of affective response in many contexts.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Monitoring and control processes in the strategic regulation of memory accuracy.

            When people are allowed freedom to volunteer or withhold information, they can enhance the accuracy of their memory reports substantially relative to forced-report performance. A theoretical framework addressing the strategic regulation of memory reporting is put forward that delineates the mediating role of metamemorial monitoring and control processes. Although the enhancement of memory accuracy is generally accompanied by a reduction in memory quantity, experimental and simulation results indicate that both of these effects depend critically on (a) accuracy incentive and (b) monitoring effectiveness. The results are discussed with regard to the contribution of meta-memory processes to memory performance, and a general methodology is proposed that incorporates these processes into the assessment of memory-accuracy and memory-quantity performance.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction.

              Flexible behavior depends on our ability to cope with distracting stimuli that can interfere with the attainment of goals. Emotional distracters can be particularly disruptive to goal-oriented behavior, but the neural systems through which these detrimental effects are mediated are not known. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effect of emotional and nonemotional distracters on a delayed-response working memory (WM) task. As expected, this task evoked robust activity during the delay period in typical WM regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lateral parietal cortex). Presentation of emotional distracters during the delay interval evoked strong activity in typical emotional processing regions (amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) while simultaneously evoking relative deactivation of the WM regions and impairing WM performance. These results provide the first direct evidence that the detrimental effect of emotional distracters on ongoing cognitive processes entails the interaction between a dorsal neural system associated with "cold" executive processing and a ventral system associated with "hot" emotional processing.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/111769
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/254738
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/380601
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/172720
                URI : http://frontiersin.org/people/u/78068
                Journal
                Front Psychiatry
                Front Psychiatry
                Front. Psychiatry
                Frontiers in Psychiatry
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-0640
                30 November 2016
                2016
                : 7
                : 191
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Chieti , Chieti, Italy
                [2] 2Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
                Author notes

                Edited by: Thomas W. Weickert, University of New South Wales, Australia

                Reviewed by: Armando D’Agostino, University of Milan, Italy; Joscelyn E. Fisher, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, USA; Cali Bartholomeusz, University of Melbourne, Australia

                *Correspondence: Beth Fairfield, bfairfield@ 123456unich.it

                Specialty section: This article was submitted to Schizophrenia, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00191
                5127850
                27965600
                063090bf-7a49-4900-ae3f-5045a74371e2
                Copyright © 2016 Fairfield, Altamura, Padalino, Balzotti, Di Domenico and Mammarella.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 26 July 2016
                : 16 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 66, Pages: 9, Words: 6881
                Categories
                Psychiatry
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                false memory,emotion,schizophrenia,scripts,inferences
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                false memory, emotion, schizophrenia, scripts, inferences

                Comments

                Comment on this article