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      Silica-Coated Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and ZnII Fluorescent Sensing

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          Abstract

          Bifunctional magnetic/fluorescent core-shell silica nanospheres (MNPs) encapsulated with the magnetic Fe 3O 4 core and a derivate of 8-amimoquinoline (N-(quinolin-8-yl)-2-(3-(triethoxysilyl) propylamino) acetamide) (QTEPA) into the shell were synthesized. These functional MNPs were prepared with a modified stöber method and the formed Fe 3O 4@SiO 2-QTEPA core-shell nanocomposites are biocompatible, water-dispersible, and stable. These prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray power diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermoelectric plasma Quad II inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), TG/DTA thermal analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further application of the nanoparticles in detecting Zn 2+ was confirmed by the fluorescence experiment: the nanosensor shows high selectivity and sensitivity to Zn 2+ with a 22-fold fluorescence emission enhancement in the presence of 10 μM Zn 2+. Moreover, the transverse relaxivity measurements show that the core-shell MNPs have T2 relaxivity (r2) of 155.05 mM −1 S −1 based on Fe concentration on the 3.0 T scanner, suggesting that the compound can be used as a negative contrast agent for MRI. Further in vivo experiments showed that these MNPs could be used as MRI contrast agent. Therefore, the new nanosensor provides the dual modality of magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging.

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          Design and fabrication of magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and imaging.

          Omid Veiseh, Jonathan W. Gunn, Miqin Zhang (2010)
          Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of non-invasive imaging agents that have been developed for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. These MNPs have traditionally been used for disease imaging via passive targeting, but recent advances have opened the door to cellular-specific targeting, drug delivery, and multi-modal imaging by these nanoparticles. As more elaborate MNPs are envisioned, adherence to proper design criteria (e.g. size, coating, molecular functionalization) becomes even more essential. This review summarizes the design parameters that affect MNP performance in vivo, including the physicochemical properties and nanoparticle surface modifications, such as MNP coating and targeting ligand functionalizations that can enhance MNP management of biological barriers. A careful review of the chemistries used to modify the surfaces of MNPs is also given, with attention paid to optimizing the activity of bound ligands while maintaining favorable physicochemical properties. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Femtomolar sensitivity of metalloregulatory proteins controlling zinc homeostasis.

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            Intracellular zinc is thought to be available in a cytosolic pool of free or loosely bound Zn(II) ions in the micromolar to picomolar range. To test this, we determined the mechanism of zinc sensors that control metal uptake or export in Escherichia coli and calibrated their response against the thermodynamically defined free zinc concentration. Whereas the cellular zinc quota is millimolar, free Zn(II) concentrations that trigger transcription of zinc uptake or efflux machinery are femtomolar, or six orders of magnitude less than one atom per cell. This is not consistent with a cytosolic pool of free Zn(II) and suggests an extraordinary intracellular zinc-binding capacity. Thus, cells exert tight control over cytosolic metal concentrations, even for relatively low-toxicity metals such as zinc.
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              Lydia Finney, Thomas V. O'Halloran (2003)
              The essential transition metal ions are avidly accumulated by cells, yet they have two faces: They are put to use as required cofactors, but they also can catalyze cytotoxic reactions. Several families of proteins are emerging that control the activity of intracellular metal ions and help confine them to vital roles. These include integral transmembrane transporters, metalloregulatory sensors, and diffusible cytoplasmic metallochaperone proteins that protect and guide metal ions to targets. It is becoming clear that many of these proteins use atypical coordination chemistry to accomplish their unique goals. The different coordination numbers, types of coordinating residues, and solvent accessibilities of these sites are providing insight into the inorganic chemistry of the cytoplasm.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TCT
                Journal ID (hwp): sptct
                Title: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 1533-0346
                ISSN (Electronic): 1533-0338
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 August 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Volume: 20
                Electronic Location Identifier: 15330338211036539
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Ringgold 12412, universityChangzhou University; , Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Jiangsu Science Standard Medical Testing Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
                [4 ]School of Environmental Science, Ringgold 74587, universityNanjing Xiaozhuang University; , Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
                [5 ]Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Ringgold 481875, universityTongji University School of Medicine; , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
                [6 ]Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                [*]Xiang Wang, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, People’s Republic of China. Email: wx402@ 123456sohu.com
                [*]Jianhao Wang, School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China; School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People’s Republic of China; Changzhou Le Sun Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213125, People’s Republic of China. Email: minuswan@ 123456163.com
                [*]Pengju Jiang, School of Pharmacy & School of Medicine, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, People’s Republic of China. Email: pengju.jiang@ 123456gmail.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5139-3439
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-6132
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_15330338211036539
                DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036539
                PMC ID: 8358497
                PubMed ID: 34350798
                SO-VID: 064a23b5-ec7d-4a11-bb07-f2298b1d019d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2021
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 15 December 2020
                Date revision received : 29 June 2021
                Date accepted : 30 June 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: the Jiangsu Key Research and Development Plan, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004608;
                Award ID: BE2018639
                Categories
                Subject: Targeting diagnosis and treatment in cancer
                Subject: Original Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2021
                typesetter ts3

                Keywords: nanosensor,fe3o4 nanoparticles,magnetic resonance imaging,core-shell silica nanospheres,znii fluorescent sensing
                Data availability:
                Keywords: nanosensor, fe3o4 nanoparticles, magnetic resonance imaging, core-shell silica nanospheres, znii fluorescent sensing

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