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      Análisis de errores de conciliación en un Servicio de Urgencias Translated title: Medication reconciliation errors in an Emergency Department

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los errores de conciliación en el Servicio de Urgencias (SU) de un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y método: Estudio unicéntrico, prospectivo de noviembre-2019 a febrero-2020 en las unidades de Observación y Corta Estancia del SU. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes polimedicados. El circuito de conciliación siguió las directrices del método FASTER, metodología elaborada por el grupo RedFaster. Variables recogidas: edad, sexo, medicamentos crónicos, discrepancias no justificadas (discrepancias no resueltas y errores de conciliación), tipo de error y medicamento implicado. Se clasificó los errores de conciliación según su gravedad, si implicaban medicamentos de alto riesgo o si podían causar síndrome de retirada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 380 pacientes. Edad media: 74 años (28-95). 60% hombres. Se conciliaron 3.529 medicamentos crónicos, con una media de 9 por paciente, y se registraron 375 discrepancias no justificadas (81% errores de conciliación y 19% discrepancias no resueltas). El tipo de error más frecuente fue la omisión de la medicación (58%), y los grupos terapéuticos más implicados fueron hipnóticosedantes (16%) seguido de hipolipemiantes (12%). En el 45% de los errores estuvo implicado algún medicamento de alto riesgo, y en el 32% de las omisiones, medicamentos que pudieron causar síndrome de retirada. Conclusiones: Estos resultados corroboran la idea de que la conciliación de la medicación es una práctica básica para la seguridad del paciente, especialmente en los polimedicados. Las características de los SU los hacen especialmente vulnerables a la aparición de errores de medicación, por lo que la presencia de un farmacéutico como responsable de los programas de conciliación está justificada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To analyze the medication reconciliation errors in the Emergency Department (ED) of a third level hospital. Methods: Prospective study from November-2019 to February-2020 in the Observation and Short Stay units of the ED. All polymedicated patients were included. The reconciliation circuit followed the guidelines of the FASTER method, a methodology validated and developed by the RedFaster group. Variables collected: age, sex, chronic medications, unjustified discrepancies (unresolved discrepancies and reconciliation errors), type of error and drug involved. Reconciliation errors were classified according to their severity, whether they involved high-risk drugs or whether they could cause withdrawal syndrome. Results: 380 patients were included. Mean age: 74 years (28-95). 61% men. A total of 3,529 chronic drugs were reviewed [9 drugs/patient (5-20)], and 375 unjustified discrepancies were recorded (81% reconciliation errors and 19% unresolved discrepancies). The most frequent type of error was the omission of medication (58%), and drugs most often involved were sedative-hypnotics (16%) followed by hypolipemics (12%). In 45% of the errors some high-risk medication was involved, and in 32% of the omissions, medications that could cause withdrawal syndrome. Conclusion: These results corroborate the idea that medication reconciliation is an important practice for patient safety, especially in polymedicated patients. The characteristics of the EDs make them especially vulnerable to the appearance of medication errors, so the inclusion of a pharmacist as a responsible for reconciliation programs is justified.

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          Unintended medication discrepancies at the time of hospital admission.

          Prior studies suggest that unintended medication discrepancies that represent errors are common at the time of hospital admission. These errors are particularly worthy of attention because they are not likely to be detected by computerized physician order entry systems. We prospectively studied patients reporting the use of at least 4 regular prescription medications who were admitted to general internal medicine clinical teaching units. The primary outcome was unintended discrepancies (errors) between the physicians' admission medication orders and a comprehensive medication history obtained through interview. We also evaluated the potential seriousness of these discrepancies. All discrepancies were reviewed with the medical team to determine if they were intentional or unintentional. All unintended discrepancies were rated for their potential to cause patient harm. After screening 523 admissions, 151 patients were enrolled based on the inclusion criteria. Eighty-one patients (53.6%; 95% confidence interval, 45.7%-61.6%) had at least 1 unintended discrepancy. The most common error (46.4%) was omission of a regularly used medication. Most (61.4%) of the discrepancies were judged to have no potential to cause serious harm. However, 38.6% of the discrepancies had the potential to cause moderate to severe discomfort or clinical deterioration. Medication errors at the time of hospital admission are common, and some have the potential to cause harm. Better methods of ensuring an accurate medication history at the time of hospital admission are needed.
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            Frequency, type and clinical importance of medication history errors at admission to hospital: a systematic review.

            Over a quarter of hospital prescribing errors are attributable to incomplete medication histories being obtained at the time of admission. We undertook a systematic review of studies describing the frequency, type and clinical importance of medication history errors at hospital admission. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL for articles published from 1966 through April 2005 and bibliographies of papers subsequently retrieved from the search. We reviewed all published studies with quantitative results that compared prescription medication histories obtained by physicians at the time of hospital admission with comprehensive medication histories. Three reviewers independently abstracted data on methodologic features and results. We identified 22 studies involving a total of 3755 patients (range 33-1053, median 104). Errors in prescription medication histories occurred in up to 67% of cases: 10%- 61% had at least 1 omission error (deletion of a drug used before admission), and 13%- 22% had at least 1 commission error (addition of a drug not used before admission); 60%- 67% had at least 1 omission or commission error. Only 5 studies (n = 545 patients) explicitly distinguished between unintentional discrepancies and intentional therapeutic changes through discussions with ordering physicians. These studies found that 27%- 54% of patients had at least 1 medication history error and that 19%- 75% of the discrepancies were unintentional. In 6 of the studies (n = 588 patients), the investigators estimated that 11%-59% of the medication history errors were clinically important. Medication history errors at the time of hospital admission are common and potentially clinically important. Improved physician training, accessible community pharmacy databases and closer teamwork between patients, physicians and pharmacists could reduce the frequency of these errors.
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              Reconciliation of discrepancies in medication histories and admission orders of newly hospitalized patients.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                December 2021
                : 31
                : 4
                : 398-403
                Affiliations
                [1] Santander Cantabria orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2021000400012 S1699-714X(21)03100400012
                10.4321/s1699-714x20210004000012
                06692226-c60a-4fb4-a14f-56f6099103f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 July 2020
                : 11 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                urgencias,Conciliación de la medicación,discrepancias,farmacéutico,Medication reconciliation,emergency department,discrepancy,pharmacist

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