World Malaria Day 2016 in the Kingdom of Cambodia: high-level governmental support embodies the WHO call for “political will to end malaria”

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Abstract

On World Malaria Day 2016, The Kingdom of Cambodia’s National celebrations served as a prime of example of how political will is currently being exercised in Cambodia through high-level governmental support for malaria elimination. The main country event was well-planned and coordinated by the National Programme for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), and included key contributions from high-ranking political figures, such as His Excellency (H.E) Mam Bun Heng (Minister of Health), and H.E. Keut Sothea (Governor of Pailin Province). There were more than 1000 attendees, ranging from Village Malaria Workers and high school students to CNM’s director and other officials in Pailin Province, Western Cambodia. A strong inter-sectoral participation included attendances from the Ministry of Education and high-level representatives of the Cambodian Armed Forces, as well as Malaria Partners like the World Health Organization.

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Spatial and temporal epidemiology of clinical malaria in Cambodia 2004–2013

Richard Maude, Chea Nguon, Po Ly … (2014)

Background Artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has recently been identified on the Thailand-Cambodia border and more recently in parts of Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. There is concern that if this resistance were to spread, it would severely hamper malaria control and elimination efforts worldwide. Efforts are currently underway to intensify malaria control activities and ultimately eliminate malaria from Cambodia. To support these efforts, it is crucial to have a detailed picture of disease burden and its major determinants over time. Methods An analysis of spatial and temporal data on clinical malaria in Cambodia collected by the National Centre for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM) and the Department of Planning and Health Information, Ministry of Health Cambodia from 2004 to 2013 is presented. Results There has been a marked decrease of 81% in annual cases due to P. falciparum since 2009 coinciding with a rapid scale-up in village malaria workers (VMWs) and insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). Concurrently, the number of cases with Plasmodium vivax has greatly increased. It is estimated that there were around 112,000 total cases in 2012, 2.8 times greater than the WHO estimate for that year, and 68,000 in 2013 (an annual parasite incidence (API) of 4.6/1000). With the scale-up of VMWs, numbers of patients presenting to government facilities did not fall and it appears likely that those who saw VMWs had previously accessed healthcare in the private sector. Malaria mortality has decreased, particularly in areas with VMWs. There has been a marked decrease in cases in parts of western Cambodia, especially in Pailin and Battambang Provinces. In the northeast, the fall in malaria burden has been more modest, this area having the highest API in 2013. Conclusion The clinical burden of falciparum malaria in most areas of Cambodia has greatly decreased from 2009 to 2013, associated with roll-out of ITNs and VMWs. Numbers of cases with P. vivax have increased. Possible reasons for these trends are discussed and areas requiring further study are highlighted. Although malaria surveillance data are prone to collection bias and tend to underestimate disease burden, the finding of similar trends in two independent datasets in this study greatly increased the robustness of the findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-385) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Action and investment to defeat malaria 2016–2030 (AIM)—for a malaria-free world

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Author and article information

Contributors

Sara E. Canavati: sara.canavati@burnet.edu.au

Cesia E. Quintero: cesia.quintero@gmail.com

Thavrin Bou: thavrinb@cnm.gov.kh

Virak Khieu: virak.khieu@gmail.com

Rithea Leang: rithealeang@gmail.com

Dysoley Lek: soleycnm@gmail.com

Po Ly: polyteng168@gmail.com

Sinuon Muth: sinuonm@gmail.com

Kim Seng Lim: k.lim@malariaconsortium.org

Luciano Tuseo: tuseol@wpro.who.int

Sovann Yok: yoksovann@yahoo.com

Kunthearith Yung: ykunthearith@gmail.com

Jack S. Richards: richards@burnet.edu.au

Huy Rekol: director@cnm.gov.kh

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Malar J

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Malar. J

Title: Malaria Journal

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2875

Publication date (Electronic): 2 June 2016

Publication date PMC-release: 2 June 2016

Publication date Collection: 2016

Volume: 15

Electronic Location Identifier: 303

Affiliations

[ ]Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia

[ ]Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Ratchathewi Thailand

[ ]The National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Ministry of Health, Corner street 92, Trapaing Svay Village, Sankat Phnom Penh Thmey, Khan Sensok, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

[ ]Malaria Consortium Cambodia, Phnom Penh Office, House #91, St. 95, Boeung Trabek, Chamcar Morn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

[ ]WHO Representative Office in Cambodia, # 61-64 Norodam Preah Blvd, Penh Phnom Penh, Cambodia

[ ]Provincial Malaria Supervisor, Provincial Health Department, Pailin City, Pailin Province Cambodia

[ ]School Health Department, Youth and Sports, Ministry of Education, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Article

Publisher ID: 1359

DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1359-6

PMC ID: 4890245

PubMed ID: 27251357

SO-VID: 0684612a-b1b8-418c-98ec-96b5b50dd3cf

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.