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      The effect of B vitamin supplementation on wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice

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          Abstract

          The aim of this study was to test the effects of B-group vitamin supplements on wound healing in diabetic mice. The mice in the experimental group were treated daily with 1 g/L B 6, 1.25 mg/L B 12, and 62.5 mg/L folic acid in their drinking water. Full-thickness excision wounds were created with 6-mm skin biopsy punches. Each wound closure was digitally photographed. Beginning on day 3 after wounding, the wound area in the diabetic mice was statistically larger than that of normal mice ( p<0.05 vs diabetic mice). The diabetic mice treated with B vitamins displayed accelerated wound closure on day 3 (wound area 42.8 ± 11.3%, p<0.05). On day 9 after wounding, the wound area in the diabetic mice was also statistically larger than that of normal mice ( p<0.05 vs diabetic mice). The diabetic mice treated with B vitamins displayed accelerated wound closure on day 3 (wound area 13.2 ± 16.8%, p<0.05). In addition, the high glucose level in the diabetic animals decreased significantly in response to B vitamin treatment. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that B vitamin supplementation may improve wound healing in diabetic mice.

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          Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis.

          George Davey Smith, Ellen Hoogeveen, Friedrich Luft (2002)
          It has been suggested that total blood homocysteine concentrations are associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. To assess the relationship of homocysteine concentrations with vascular disease risk. MEDLINE was searched for articles published from January 1966 to January 1999. Relevant studies were identified by systematic searches of the literature for all reported observational studies of associations between IHD or stroke risk and homocysteine concentrations. Additional studies were identified by a hand search of references of original articles or review articles and by personal communication with relevant investigators. Studies were included if they had data available by January 1999 on total blood homocysteine concentrations, sex, and age at event. Studies were excluded if they measured only blood concentrations of free homocysteine or of homocysteine after a methionine-loading test or if relevant clinical data were unavailable or incomplete. Data from 30 prospective or retrospective studies involving a total of 5073 IHD events and 1113 stroke events were included in a meta-analysis of individual participant data, with allowance made for differences between studies, for confounding by known cardiovascular risk factors, and for regression dilution bias. Combined odds ratios (ORs) for the association of IHD and stroke with blood homocysteine concentrations were obtained by using conditional logistic regression. Stronger associations were observed in retrospective studies of homocysteine measured in blood collected after the onset of disease than in prospective studies among individuals who had no history of cardiovascular disease when blood was collected. After adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors and regression dilution bias in the prospective studies, a 25% lower usual (corrected for regression dilution bias) homocysteine level (about 3 micromol/L [0.41 mg/L]) was associated with an 11% (OR, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.96) lower IHD risk and 19% (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.69-0.95) lower stroke risk. This meta-analysis of observational studies suggests that elevated homocysteine is at most a modest independent predictor of IHD and stroke risk in healthy populations. Studies of the impact on disease risk of genetic variants that affect blood homocysteine concentrations will help determine whether homocysteine is causally related to vascular disease, as may large randomized trials of the effects on IHD and stroke of vitamin supplementation to lower blood homocysteine concentrations.
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            The molecular biology of chronic wounds and delayed healing in diabetes.

            E. Jude, R Blakytny (2006)
            Wound healing is a complicated and integrated process. Although there is some tolerance in terms of redundancy and interrelated control mechanisms, pushing beyond such limits may contribute to delayed wound healing, and in extreme cases lead to chronic wounds/ulcers and thus potentially to lower extremity amputation. Diabetes is associated with such disruption in wound healing. Research in humans and in animal models has identified a large number of changes associated with diabetes at the molecular level in delayed wound healing and to a lesser extent in chronic diabetic ulcers. Better overall understanding of these changes and how they are interrelated would allow for specifically targeted treatment, thus ensuring improved quality of life for patients and providing savings to the high costs that are associated with all aspects of chronic diabetic ulcers. This review examines the work done at the molecular level on chronic diabetic ulcers, as well as considering changes seen in diabetes in general, both in humans and animal models, that may in turn contribute to ulcer formation.
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              A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians.

              C Hennekens, D Ullmann, A M Malinow … (1992)
              To assess prospectively the risk of coronary heart disease associated with elevated plasma levels of homocyst(e)ine. Nested case-control study using prospectively collected blood samples. Participants in the Physicians' Health Study. A total of 14,916 male physicians, aged 40 to 84 years, with no prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke provided plasma samples at baseline and were followed up for 5 years. Samples from 271 men who subsequently developed MI were analyzed for homocyst(e)ine levels together with paired controls, matched by age and smoking. Acute MI or death due to coronary disease. Levels of homocyst(e)ine were higher in cases than in controls (11.1 +/- 4.0 [SD] vs 10.5 +/- 2.8 nmol/mL; P = .03). The difference was attributable to an excess of high values among men who later had MIs. The relative risk for the highest 5% vs the bottom 90% of homocyst(e)ine levels was 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 6.9; P = .005). After additional adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, aspirin assignment, Quetelet's Index, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, this relative risk was 3.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 8.8) (P = .01). Thirteen controls and 31 cases (11%) had values above the 95th percentile of the controls. Moderately high levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine are associated with subsequent risk of MI independent of other coronary risk factors. Because high levels can often be easily treated with vitamin supplements, homocyst(e)ine may be an independent, modifiable risk factor.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Clin Biochem Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Clin Biochem Nutr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCBN
                Title: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
                Publisher: the Society for Free Radical Research Japan (Kyoto, Japan )
                ISSN (Print): 0912-0009
                ISSN (Electronic): 1880-5086
                Publication date (Print): January 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 20 November 2015
                Volume: 58
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 64-68
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Applied Oral Sciences, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
                [2 ]Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
                [3 ]Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sugano.naoyuki@ 123456nihon-u.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: jcbn14-122
                DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-122
                PMC ID: 4706087
                PubMed ID: 26798199
                SO-VID: 06cd95f1-a2c6-4c6a-8e0a-2057a8be5e3b
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 JCBN
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 September 2014
                Date accepted : 3 August 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: b vitamin supplementation,wound healing,diabetic mice,glucose level,tnf-α
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: b vitamin supplementation, wound healing, diabetic mice, glucose level, tnf-α

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