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      A low temperature synthetic route to nanocrystalline TiN

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          Abstract

          A simple chemical synthetic route has been developed to prepare nanocrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) in an autoclave, by the reaction of metallic Ti with NaNH2 at low temperature of 500-600 °C. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The possible reaction mechanism of this process is also discussed. This method may be extended to the synthesis of other metal nitrides.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            Ion pairing.

            Yizhak Marcus, Glenn Hefter (2006)
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              A Brønsted acid catalyst for the enantioselective protonation reaction.

              Cheol Hong Cheon, Hisashi YAMAMOTO (2008)
              A highly reactive and robust chiral Brønsted acid catalyst, chiral N-triflyl thiophosphoramide, was developed. The first metal-free Brønsted acid catalyzed enantioselective protonation reaction of silyl enol ethers was demonstrated using this chiral Brønsted acid catalyst. The catalyst loading could be reduced to 0.05 mol % without any deleterious effect on the enantioselectivity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Pei-jun Cai: Role: ND
                Gong-zhen Li: Role: ND
                Chong Shi: Role: ND
                Jun-hao Huo: Role: ND
                Li-hua Liu: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): sajc
                Title: South African Journal of Chemistry
                Abbreviated Title: S.Afr.j.chem. (Online)
                Publisher: The South African Chemical Institute (Durban )
                ISSN: 1996-840X
                Publication date (Print): 2011
                Volume: 64
                Issue: 0
                Pages: 57-60
                Affiliations
                [1 ] China University of Mining and Technology P.R. China
                [2 ] China University of Mining and Technology P.R. China
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0379-43502011000100008
                SO-VID: 06ed99a0-c62b-4f62-8233-0005f2cb0ec6
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO South Africa

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0379-4350&lng=en
                Categories
                Subject: Chemistry, Analytical
                Subject: Chemistry, Applied
                Subject: Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
                Subject: Chemistry, Medicinal
                Subject: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
                Subject: Chemistry, Organic
                Subject: Chemistry, Physical
                Subject: Electrochemistry

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Electrochemistry,Clinical chemistry,Organic & Biomolecular chemistry,Physical chemistry,Analytical chemistry,General chemistry,Industrial chemistry,Inorganic & Bioinorganic chemistry
                Keywords: Nanocrystalline,synthesis,titanium nitride
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Electrochemistry, Clinical chemistry, Organic & Biomolecular chemistry, Physical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, General chemistry, Industrial chemistry, Inorganic & Bioinorganic chemistry
                Keywords: Nanocrystalline, synthesis, titanium nitride

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