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      Tough, but not impossible – Retrieval of large atrial septal occluder devices embolized to left atrium

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect that is being increasingly treated using percutaneous interventions. However, these techniques are not devoid of complications. One such complication is device embolization. Removal of such closure device poses tremendous risk and consequent complications both by percutaneous retrieval and surgical removal. Herein, we present two cases of ASDs that were closed using atrial septal occluder, but the devices were subsequently embolized into left atrium. These devices were then percutaneously retrieved without any further complication or injury.

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          Early and late complications associated with transcatheter occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect.

          Massimo Chessa, Mario Carminati, Gianfranco Butera … (2002)
          The goal of this study was to report the early and late complications experienced in atrial septal defect (ASD) transcatheter closure. Atrial septal defect transcatheter occlusion techniques have become an alternative to surgical procedures. A number of different devices are available for transcatheter ASD closure. The type and rate of complications are different for different devices. Between December 1996 and January 2001, 417 patients (mean age: 26.6 +/- 19 years) underwent transcatheter occlusion of secundum type ASD. Complications were categorized into major and minor. Two different devices were used: the CardioSEAL/STARFlex in 159 patients and the Amplatzer septal occluder in 258 patients. Thirty-four patients experienced 36 complications during the hospitalization (8.6%, 95% confidence interval: 6.1% to 11.1%). Ten patients underwent elective surgical repair because of device malposition (three patients) or device embolization (seven patients). Twenty-four patients experienced 25 minor complications: unsatisfactory device position or embolization. Devices were retrieved using a gooseneck snare and/or a basket; 11 patients experienced arrhythmic problems. Other complications were: pericardial effusion, thrombus formation on the left atrial disc, right iliac vein dissection, groin hematoma, hemorrhage in the retropharynx and sizing balloon rupture. Two patients had late complications: peripheral embolization in the left leg one year after implantation of an Amplatzer device and sudden death 1.5 year later. Our series of patients with ASD by transcatheter occlusion shows that the procedure is safe and effective in the vast majority of cases. To further reduce the complications rate, the criteria of device selection according to ASD morphology and some technical tips during implantation are discussed.
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            Percutaneous versus surgical closure of secundum atrial septal defect: comparison of early results and complications.

            G Pomè, Alessandro Giamberti, Alessandro Frigiola … (2005)
            Surgical closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) provides excellent results. Given the increasing popularity of percutaneous techniques, a comparison between the 2 methods is needed. Between December 1988 and June 2003, we performed 1284 procedures in 1268 consecutive patients with isolated secundum ASD. Five hundred and thirty-three patients underwent surgical repair of ostium secundum ASD (group A). Seven hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients underwent percutaneous ASD closure (group B). The following outcomes were studied: mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, and efficacy. There were no postoperative deaths. The overall rate of complications was higher in group A than in group B: 44% (95% CI 39.8%-48.2%) versus 6.9 % (95% CI 5%-8.7%) (P < .0001). Major complications were also more frequent in group A: 16% (95% CI 13%-19%) versus 3.6% (95% CI 2.2%-5.0%) (P = .002). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that surgery was independently strongly related to the occurrence of total complication (odds ratio [OR] 8.13, 95% CI 5.75-12.20) and of major complications (OR 4.03, 95% CI 2.38-7.35). The occurrence of minor complications was independently related to surgery (OR 7.33, 95% CI 4.75-11.02), childhood (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01-2.34), and presence of systemic hypertension (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01-4.41). Hospital stay was shorter in group B (3.2 +/- 0.9 vs 8.0 +/- 2.8 days, P < .0001). Percutaneous ASD closure provides, in experienced hands and in highly specialized centers, excellent results with a lower complication rate and requires a shorter stay in hospital.
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              Embolization and retrieval of the Amplatzer septal occluder.

              R. Moore, Daniel Levi (2004)
              Embolization and percutaneous retrieval of the Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) after release have been reported. However, the incidence, the causes of embolization, and the methods for effective retrieval have not been systematically described. In a survey of the ASO company-designated proctors, the incidence of ASO embolization in this group's experience was 0.55% (21 embolizations in 3824 device placements) with a wide range of patient demographics, atrial septal defect (ASD) sizes, and device sizes. Most embolizations occurred because of inadequate rim or undersized devices. Of the 21 embolizations, 15 of the devices were retrieved percutaneously with a gooseneck snare without morbidity or mortality. Six were retrieved at surgery. Of the 21 patients, 12 had ASO closure of their ASDs, and 9 had surgical ASD closure. In vitro, all devices could be retrieved with sheathes 2 Fr sizes larger than their recommended delivery sheath. Any device larger than 26 mm could be retrieved with its delivery sheath. The ability to pull the snared button into a sheath was variable and was assisted by pulling the device from above with a bioptome and by using a rigid notched sheath. Because the incidence of ASO embolization is about 1 in 200 in the most experienced hands, all operators should be prepared with the techniques and equipment required for percutaneous ASO retrieval. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Interv Med Appl Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Interv Med Appl Sci
                Journal ID (pmc): imas
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IMAS
                Title: Interventional Medicine & Applied Science
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2061-1617
                ISSN (Electronic): 2061-5094
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 25 March 2017
                Publication date (Print, pub): March 2017
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 42-46
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences & Research , Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Dr. Shivanand Patil, MD, DM, FESC, FSCAI, FICC; Department of Cardiology, Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Jayanagar 9th Block, Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru 560069, Karnataka, India; Phone: +91 9740166122; Fax: +91 8026534477; E-mail: drssspatil@ 123456rediffmail.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/1646.9.2017.1.03
                PMC ID: 5598121
                PubMed ID: 28932495
                SO-VID: 06efe56d-5f69-4f37-a050-6860581c85a3
                Copyright statement: © 2017 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 22 July 2016
                Date revision received : 12 December 2016
                Date revision received : 20 December 2016
                Date accepted : 06 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 5
                Product
                Funding
                Funding sources: No financial support was received for this study.
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: atrial septal defect,congenital heart disease,complication,percutaneous,snare
                Data availability:
                Keywords: atrial septal defect, congenital heart disease, complication, percutaneous, snare

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