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      Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 Translated title: Levels of physical activity and sitting time in elderly people with fragility: results of the 2016-2017 National Health Survey

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: la fragilidad se caracteriza por la pérdida de reservas biológicas y la vulnerabilidad a resultados adversos. Una intervención con efectos beneficiosos sobre la prevención y el manejo de la fragilidad es la práctica regular de actividad física (AF). Objetivo: caracterizar los niveles de AF y tiempo sedente en personas mayores con fragilidad. Metodología: se incluyó a 232 personas mayores de 60 años de la región metropolitana, participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. La fragilidad se evaluó en base a los criterios de la escala de fenotipos de Fried y el nivel de AF y tiempo sedentario con el cuestionario Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). Los niveles de AF según el fenotipo de fragilidad se determinaron con análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados y conclusiones: las personas mayores con fragilidad realizan menos AF total (β = -292,6 min/día [IC 95 %: 399,5; -185,7], p = 0,001), laboral (β = -5821,8 min/día [IC 95 %: 8680,8; -2962,8], p = 0,001), de transporte (β = -68,0 min/día [IC 95 %: -105,4; -30,62], p = 0,001). También se observó menor cantidad de AF moderada (β = -137,7 min/día [IC 95 %: -202,0; -73,5], p = 0,001); vigorosa (β = -43,4 min/día [IC 95 %: -81,6; -5,20], p = 0,026) y mayor tiempo sedente (β = 3,55 hora/día [IC 95 %: -1,97; 5,14 ], p = 0,001). Las personas mayores frágiles presentan niveles más bajos de AF en comparación con sus pares sin fragilidad. Considerando que la población chilena experimentará un aumento en el número de personas mayores, es imprescindible implementar medidas preventivas que permitan retrasar la aparición de la fragilidad, como fomentar la práctica de AF en todos sus niveles.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: fragility is characterized by loss of biological reserves and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. An intervention with beneficial effects on the prevention and management of frailty is the regular practice of physical activity (PA). Objective: to determine the association between levels of PA, sedentary time and frailty in older Chileans by sex. Methodology: 232 people over 60 years of age from the metropolitan region participating in the National Health Survey 2016-2017 were included. Frailty was assessed based on the Fried Phenotype Scale criteria and PA level and sedentary time with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ v2). The association between levels of PA with the different states of frailty was investigated with linear regression analysis. Results and conclusion: elderly people with frailty have less total PA (β = -292.6 min/day [95 % CI: 399.5; -185.7], p = 0.001), occupational PA (β = -5821.8 min/day [95 % CI: 8680.8, -2962.8], p = 0.001), transportation (β = -68.0 min/day [95 % CI: -105.4, -30.62], p = 0.001). A lower amount of moderate AF was also found (β = -137.7 min/day [95 % CI: -202.0, -73.5], p = 0.001); vigorous (β = -43.4 min/day [95 % CI: -81.6; -5.20], p = 0.026) and longer time seated (β = 3.55 hours/day [95 % CI: - 1.97, 5.14], p = 0.001). Frail older people have lower PA levels compared to their peers without frailty. Considering that the Chilean population will experience an increase in the number of older people, it is essential to implement preventive measures to delay the onset of frailty, such as promoting the practice of PA at all levels

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          Most cited references35

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          Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype

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            Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ): Nine Country Reliability and Validity Study

            Instruments to assess physical activity are needed for (inter)national surveillance systems and comparison. Male and female adults were recruited from diverse sociocultural, educational and economic backgrounds in 9 countries (total n = 2657). GPAQ and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were administered on at least 2 occasions. Eight countries assessed criterion validity using an objective measure (pedometer or accelerometer) over 7 days. Reliability coefficients were of moderate to substantial strength (Kappa 0.67 to 0.73; Spearman's rho 0.67 to 0.81). Results on concurrent validity between IPAQ and GPAQ also showed a moderate to strong positive relationship (range 0.45 to 0.65). Results on criterion validity were in the poor-fair (range 0.06 to 0.35). There were some observed differences between sex, education, BMI and urban/rural and between countries. Overall GPAQ provides reproducible data and showed a moderate-strong positive correlation with IPAQ, a previously validated and accepted measure of physical activity. Validation of GPAQ produced poor results although the magnitude was similar to the range reported in other studies. Overall, these results indicate that GPAQ is a suitable and acceptable instrument for monitoring physical activity in population health surveillance systems, although further replication of this work in other countries is warranted.
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              Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies

              The prevalence of frailty at population level is unclear. We examined this in population-based studies, investigating sources of heterogeneity. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational population-level studies published between 1 January 1998 and 1 April 2020, including individuals aged ≥50 years, identified using any frailty measure. Prevalence estimates were extracted independently, assessed for bias and analysed using a random-effects model. In total, 240 studies reporting 265 prevalence proportions from 62 countries and territories, representing 1,755,497 participants, were included. Pooled prevalence in studies using physical frailty measures was 12% (95% CI = 11–13%; n = 178), compared with 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 71) for the deficit accumulation model (those using a frailty index, FI). For pre-frailty, this was 46% (95% CI = 45–48%; n = 147) and 49% (95% CI = 46–52%; n = 29), respectively. For physical frailty, the prevalence was higher among females, 15% (95% CI = 14–17%; n = 142), than males, 11% (95% CI = 10–12%; n = 144). For studies using a FI, the prevalence was also higher in females, 29% (95% CI = 24–35%; n = 34) versus 20% (95% CI = 16–24%; n = 34), for males. These values were similar for pre-frailty. Prevalence increased according to the minimum age at study inclusion. Analysing only data from nationally representative studies gave a frailty prevalence of 7% (95% CI = 5–9%; n = 46) for physical frailty and 24% (95% CI = 22–26%; n = 44) for FIs. Population-level frailty prevalence varied by classification and sex. Data were heterogenous and limited, particularly from nationally representative studies making the interpretation of differences by geographic region challenging. Common methodological approaches to gathering data are required to improve the accuracy of population-level prevalence estimates. PROSPERO-CRD42018105431.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2023
                : 40
                : 1
                : 28-34
                Affiliations
                [1] Talca Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Santo Tomás orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Kinesiología Chile
                [5] Cádiz Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Cádiz orgdiv1Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA) Spain
                [8] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Health and Wellbeing United Kingdom
                [9] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences United Kingdom
                [7] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences orgdiv2BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre United Kingdom
                [12] Talca Maule orgnameUniversidad Católica del Maule orgdiv1Actividad Física y Salud (GEEAFyS) orgdiv2Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano. Grupo de Estudio en Educación Chile
                [3] Talca Maule orgnameUniversidad Católica del Maule orgdiv1Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM) Chile
                [11] Glasgow orgnameUniversity of Glasgow orgdiv1Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences United Kingdom
                [4] Cádiz Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Cádiz orgdiv1Departamento de Educación Física. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación GALENO Spain
                [10] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Acondicionamiento Físico Chile
                [2] Santiago Araucanía orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chile orgdiv1Facultad de Educación orgdiv2Pedagogía en Educación Física Chile
                [6] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Diego Portales orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Chile
                Article
                S0212-16112023000100005 S0212-1611(23)04000100005
                10.20960/nh.04335
                07016b43-869a-4144-9606-a320c9bb2dff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2022
                : 01 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Frailty,Physical activity,Persona mayor,Fragilidad,Actividad física,Aged

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