Article Information
The Authors/Members of the Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration are listed at the end of this article.
Corresponding Author: Christina Fitzmaurice, MD, MPH, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Institute
for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 Fifth Ave, Ste 600,
Seattle, WA 98121 (
cf11@
123456uw.edu
).
Accepted for Publication: May 30, 2017.
Correction: This article was corrected on December 14, 2017, to fix a typographical error in
the key for Figure 1.
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
CC-BY License. © 2017 Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration.
JAMA Oncology.
Published Online: October 5, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.3055
The Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration: Tomi Akinyemiju, PhD; Semaw Abera, MSc; Muktar Ahmed, MBA; Noore Alam, MPH; Mulubirhan
Assefa Alemayohu, MPH; Christine Allen, BA; Rajaa Al-Raddadi, PhD; Nelson Alvis-Guzman,
PhD; Yaw Amoako, FWACP; Al Artaman, PhD; Tadesse Awoke Ayele, MS; Aleksandra Barac,
PhD; Isabela Bensenor, PhD; Adugnaw Berhane, PhD; Zulfiqar Bhutta, PhD; Jacqueline
Castillo-Rivas, MPH; Abdulaal Chitheer, FETP; Jee-Young Choi, PhD; Benjamin Cowie,
PhD; Lalit Dandona, PhD; Rakhi Dandona, MD; Subhojit Dey, PhD; Daniel Dicker, BS;
Huyen Phuc, Do, MSc; Donatus U. Ekwueme, PhD; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, PhD; Florian Fischer,
PhD; Thomas Fürst, PhD; Jamie Hancock, MLS; Simon I. Hay, DSc; Peter Hotez, PhD; Sun
Ha Jee, PhD; Amir Kasaeian, PhD; Yousef Khader, ScD; Young-Ho Khang, PhD; G Anil Kumar,
PhD; Michael Kutz, BS; Heidi Larson, PhD; Alan Lopez, PhD; Raimundas Lunevicius, PhD;
Reza Malekzadeh, MD; Colm McAlinden, PhD; Toni Meier, PhD; Walter Mendoza, MD; Ali
Mokdad, PhD; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, MD; Gabriele Nagel, PhD; Quyen Nguyen, MD; Grant
Nguyen, MPH; Felix Ogbo, MPH; George Patton, MD; David M. Pereira, PhD; Farshad Pourmalek,
PhD; Mostafa Qorbani, PhD; Amir Radfar, MD; Gholamreza Roshandel, PhD; Joshua A Salomon,
PhD; Juan Sanabria, MD; Benn Sartorius, PhD; Maheswar Satpathy, PhD; Monika Sawhney,
PhD; Sadaf Sepanlou, PhD; Katya Shackelford, BA; Hirbo Shore, MPH; Jiandong Sun, PhD;
Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, MS; Roman Topór-Mądry, PhD; Bach Tran, PhD; Kingsley Nnanna
Ukwaja, MD; Vasiliy Vlassov, MD; Stein Emil Vollset, DrPH; Theo Vos, PhD; Tolassa
Wakayo, MS; Elisabete Weiderpass, PhD; Andrea Werdecker, PhD; Naohiro Yonemoto, MPH;
Mustafa Younis, DrPH; Chuanhua Yu, PhD; Zoubida Zaidi, PhD; Liguo Zhu, PhD; Christopher
J. L. Murray, Dphil; Mohsen Naghavi, PhD; Christina Fitzmaurice, MD.
Affiliations of The Global Burden of Disease Liver Cancer Collaboration: School of Public Health, Birmingham, University of Alabama at Birmingham (Akinyemiju);
Mekelle University, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle,
Tigray, Ethiopia (Abera); University of Hohenheim, Institute of Biological Chemistry
and Nutrition, Stuttgart, Baden Württemberg, Germany (Abera); Jimma University Institute
of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Jimma, Oromiya, Ethiopia (Ahmed); Department
of Health, Queensland Government, Herston, QLD, Australia (Alam); University of Queensland,
School of Public Health, Herston, QLD, Australia (Alam); Mekelle University Epidemiology,
Mekelle, TNRS, Ethiopia (Alemayohu); University of Washington, Institute for Health
Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle (Allen, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Dicker, Hancock, Hay,
Kutz, Lopez, Mokdad, G. Nguyen, Shackelford, Vos, Murray, Naghavi, Fitzmaurice); Ministry
of Health Research Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Al-Raddadi); Universidad de Cartagena,
Grupo de Investigación en Economía de la Salud, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia (Alvis-Guzman);
Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Department of Medicine, Bantama, Ghana (Amoako); University
of Manitoba, Community Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (Artaman); University
of Gondar, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Gondar, Ethiopia (Ayele); Clinical Center
of Serbia, Clinic for Infectious and Tropic Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia (Barac); Hospital
Universitário, University of São Paulo Division of Internal Medicine, São Paulo, São
Paulo, Brazil (Bensenor); Debre Berhan University, College of Health Sciences, Debre
Berhan, Amhara, Ethiopia (Berhane); Aga Khan University, Centre of Excellence in Women
& Child, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan (Bhutta); The Hospital for Sick Children, Centre
for Global Child Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Bhutta); Caja Costarricense de
Seguro Social, Dirección Actuarial y Economica, San Jose, San Jose, Costa Rica (Castillo-Rivas);
Iraq MOH FETP, MOH, Baghdad, Iraq (Chitheer); Seoul National University, College of
Medicine Medical Library, Seoul, South Korea (Choi); Doherty Institute, WHO Collaborating
Centre for Viral Hepatitis, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Cowie); Public Health
Foundation of India, Research, Gurgaon, NCR, India (L. Dandona, R. Dandona); Indian
Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Environmental and Occupational Health, Gurgaon,
Haryana, India (Dey); Duy Tan University, Institute for Global Health Innovations,
Da Nang, Vietnam (Phuc); Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (Ekwueme); Clinical Pathology Department,
Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt (Zaki); Bielefeld University, School
of Public Health, Bielefeld, Germany (Fischer); Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute,
Epidemiology and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland (Fürst); University of Basel, Switzerland
(Fürst); Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, England (Fürst);
Baylor College of Medicine, National School of Tropical Medicine, Houston, Texas (Hotez);
Sabin Vaccine Institute & Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development,
Houston (Hotez); Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Epidemiology
and Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea (Jee); Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Tehran,
Iran (Kasaeian); Jordan University of Science and Technology, Public Health, Irbid,
Irbid, Jordan (Khader); Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of
Health Policy and Management, Seoul, Seoul Metropolitan City, South Korea (Khang);
Public Health Foundation of India Research, Gurgaon (NCR), Haryana, India (Kumar);
Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,
London, England (Larson); University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population
and Global Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (Lopez); Aintree University Hospital
NHS Foundation Trust, General Surgery Department, Liverpool, England (Lunevicius);
School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England (Lunevicius); Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Tehran,
Iran (Malekzadeh); University Hospitals Bristol, Department of Medicine, Bristol,
England (McAlinden); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute for Agricultural
and Nutritional Sciences, Halle (Saale), Germany (Meier); UNFPA Peru Country Office,
Lima, Peru (Mendoza); Iran University of Medical Sciences, Gastrointestinal and Liver
Disease Research Center, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Moradi-Lakeh); Iran University of Medical
Sciences, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
(Moradi-Lakeh); Ulm University, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm,
Germany (Nagel); Duy Tan University, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Da Nang,
Vietnam (Q. Nguyen); Western Sydney University, Centre for Health Research, School
of Medicine, Penrith, NSW, Australia (Ogbo); Ingham Institute for Applied Medical
Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia (Ogbo); University of Melbourne, Paediatrics,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Patton); REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia,
Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
(Pereira); Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada (Pourmalek); Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Noncommunicable
Diseases Research Center, Karaj, Alborz, Iran (Qorbani); A. T. Still University, College
of Graduate Health Studies, Mesa, Arizona (Radfar); Golestan University of Medical
Sciences, Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan, Iran
(Roshandel); Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health
and Population, Boston, Massachusetts (Salomon); Marshall University School of Medicine,
Surgery, Huntington, West Virginia (Sanabria); Case Western Reserve University, Nutrition
and Preventive Medicine, Ohio (Sanabria); University of KwaZulu-Natal, Public Health
Medicine, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Sartorius); Utkal University, Centre
for Advanced Study in Psychology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India (Satpathy); AIIMS New
Delhi, JPN Apex Trauma Centre, New Delhi, Delhi, India (Satpathy); Marshall University
Public Health, Huntington, West Virginia (Sawhney); Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Sepanlou); Haramaya University
School of Public Health, Harari, Harari, Ethiopia (Shore); Queensland University of
Technology, School of Public Health and Social Work, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
(Sun); Mekelle University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia
(Mengistu); Faculty of Health Sciences Jagiellonian University Medical College, Institute
of Public Health, Kraków, Poland (Topór-Mądry); Faculty of Health Sciences Wroclaw
Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland (Topór-Mądry); Hanoi Medical University, Institute
for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam (Tran); Johns Hopkins University,
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Tran); Federal Teaching Hospital,
Department of Medicine, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria (Ukwaja); Department of Health
Care Administration and Economy, National Research University Higher School of Economics,
Moscow, Russia (Vlassov); Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Centre for Disease
Burden, Bergen, Norway (Vollset); University of Bergen, Department of Global Public
Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway (Vollset); Jimma University, Population and
Family Health, Oromia, Ethiopia (Wakayo); Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of
Population Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway (Weiderpass); University of Tromsø,
The Arctic University of Norway, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Tromsø, Norway (Weiderpass); Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Weiderpass); Federal Institute for Population
Research, Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the National Cohort, Wiesbaden,
Hesse, Germany (Werdecker); Kyoto University, School of Public Health Biostatistics,
Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan (Yonemoto); Jackson State University, Health Policy & Management,
Jackson, Mississippi (Younis); Harvard Asia Aging Center, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachuetts (Younis); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan
University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China (Yu); Department of Epidemiology, University
Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria (Zaidi); University Ferhat Abbas, Faculty of Medicine,
Setif, Algeria (Zaidi); Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,
Major Project Execution Office, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (Zhu); Division of Hematology,
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Fitzmaurice).
Author Contributions: Dr Fitzmaurice had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility
for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Akinyemiju, Jee, Khader, Satpathy, Vos, Weiderpass, Younis, Zaidi, Murray, Naghavi,
Fitzmaurice.
Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Akinyemiju, Abera, Ahmed, Alam, Alemayohu, Allen, Al-Raddadi, Alvis-Guzman, Amoako,
Artaman, Awoke Ayele, Barac, Bensenor, Berhane, Bhutta, Castillo-Rivas, Chitheer,
Choi, Cowie, L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Dey, Dicker, Do, Ekwueme, Zaki, Fischer, Fürst,
Hancock, Hay, Hotez, Kasaeian, Khang, Kumar, Kutz, Larson, Lopez, Lunevicius, Malekzadeh,
McAlinden, Meier, Mendoza, Mokdad, Moradi-Lakeh, Nagel, Q. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, Ogbo,
Patton, Pereira, Pourmalek, Qorbani, Radfar, Roshandel, Salomon, Sanabria, Sartorius,
Satpathy, Sawhney, Sepanlou, Shackelford, Shore, Sun, Mengistu, Topór-Mądry, Tran,
Ukwaja, Vlassov, Vollset, Vos, Wakayo, Weiderpass, Werdecker, Yonemoto, Yu, Zaidi,
Zaki, Zhu, Murray, Naghavi, Fitzmaurice.
Drafting of the manuscript: Akinyemiju, Allen, Zaki, Hancock, Khader, Sanabria, Satpathy, Shackelford, Weiderpass,
Zaidi, Zaki, Fitzmaurice.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Akinyemiju, Abera, Ahmed, Alam, Alemayohu, Al-Raddadi, Alvis-Guzman, Amoako, Artaman,
Awoke Ayele, Barac, Bensenor, Berhane, Bhutta, Castillo-Rivas, Chitheer, Choi, Cowie,
L. Dandona, R. Dandona, Dey, Dicker, Do, Ekwueme, Zaki, Fischer, Fürst, Hay, Hotez,
Jee, Kasaeian, Khang, Kumar, Kutz, Larson, Lopez, Lunevicius, Malekzadeh, McAlinden,
Meier, Mendoza, Mokdad, Moradi-Lakeh, Nagel, Q. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, Ogbo, Patton, Pereira,
Pourmalek, Qorbani, Radfar, Roshandel, Salomon, Sartorius, Satpathy, Sawhney, Sepanlou,
Shore, Sun, Mengistu, Topór-Mądry, Tran, Ukwaja, Vlassov, Vollset, Vos, Wakayo, Weiderpass,
Werdecker, Yonemoto, Younis, Yu, Zaidi, Zaki, Zhu, Murray, Naghavi.
Statistical analysis: Akinyemiju, Allen, Castillo-Rivas, Dey, Do, Hotez, Kasaeian, Kutz, Malekzadeh, McAlinden,
Meier, Mokdad, Moradi-Lakeh, Q. Nguyen, G. Nguyen, Qorbani, Salomon, Satpathy, Tran,
Ukwaja, Vos, Weiderpass, Younis, Yu, Zaidi, Zhu, Naghavi, Fitzmaurice.
Obtained funding: Murray.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Alam, Allen, Amoako, Bensenor, Berhane, Bhutta, L. Dandona, Dicker, Zaki, Hancock,
Khader, Lopez, Pereira, Radfar, Satpathy, Sawhney, Shackelford, Tran, Ukwaja, Weiderpass,
Younis, Zaidi, Zaki, Zhu, Murray.
Study supervision: Akinyemiju, Barac, Jee, Ukwaja, Vos, Weiderpass, Murray, Naghavi.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Prof Larson reports that her research group has received funding from GlaxoSmithKline
(GSK) and Merck to convene research symposia, as well as funding from GSK for advising
on vaccine hesitancy issues. Prof Larson also reports that she has served on the Merck
Vaccines Strategic Advisory Board. Dr Mendoza reports that he is currently the Program
Analyst at the United Nations Population Fund Country Office in Peru, an institution
that does not necessarily endorse this study. No other disclosures are reported.
