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      Insect galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae): morphotypes characterization and description of a new species of Schizomyia (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Galls on Bauhinia cupulata (Fabaceae) were investigated in two physiognomies of the Cerrado, riparian and dry forest, in the municipality of Barreiras (Western Bahia, Brazil) from October 2012 to July 2014. Four insect gall morphotypes were found. They were characterized based on shape, color, indumentum, plant organ of occurrence and galling taxon. A new galling species, Schizomyia barreirensis, is described, illustrated (larva, pupa, male, female and gall) and compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.

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          Are gall midge species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) host-plant specialists?

          Marco Antônio A. Carneiro, Cristina S. A. Branco, Carlos E. D. Braga … (2009)
          Despite the speciose fauna of gall-inducing insects in the Neotropical region, little is known about their taxonomy. On the other hand, gall morphotypes associated with host species have been extensively used as a surrogate of the inducer species worldwide. This study reviewed the described gall midges and their galls to test the generalization on the use of gall morphotypes as surrogates of gall midge species in the Brazilian fauna. We compiled taxonomic and biological data for 196 gall midge species recorded on 128 host plant species. Ninety two percent of those species were monophagous, inducing galls on a single host plant species, whereas only 5.6% species were oligophagous, inducing galls on more than one congeneric host plant species. Only four species induced galls on more than one host plant genus. We conclude that gall morphotypes associated with information on the host plant species and attacked organs are reliable surrogates of the gall-inducing species.
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            Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil)

            V. Maia, G. W. Fernandes (2004)
            One hundred thirty-seven morphotypes of insect galls were found on 73 plant species (47 genera and 30 families) in Serra de São José, in Tiradentes, MG, Brazil. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, and Melastomataceae were the plant families that supported most of the galls (49.6% of the total). Galls were mostly found on leaves and stems (66.4% and 25.5%, respectively). Galls were induced by Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha), Hymenoptera, and Thysanoptera. The majority of them (73.7%) were induced by gall midges (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera). Besides the gall inducers, other insects found associated with the galls were parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera), and predators (Diptera).
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              Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil

              Marcel Serra Coelho, Emmanuel Almada, G. Fernandes … (2009)
              Highly diverse forms of galling arthropods can be identified in much of southeastern Brazil's vegetation. Three fragments of a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF) located in the southern range of the Espinhaço Mountains were selected for study in the first survey of galling organisms in such tropical vegetation. Investigators found 92 distinct gall morphotypes on several organs of 51 host plant species of 19 families. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most prolific gall-inducing species, responsible for the largest proportion of galls (77%) observed. Leaves were the most frequently galled plant organ (63%), while the most common gall morphotype was of a spherical shape (30%). The two plant species, Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) and Celtis brasiliensis (Cannabaceae), presented the highest number of gall morphtypes, displaying an average of 5 gall morphotypes each. This is the first study of gall-inducing arthropods and their host plant species ever undertaken in a Brazilian SDTF ecosystem. Given the intense human pressure on SDTFs, the high richness of galling arthropods, and implied floral host diversity found in this study indicates the need for an increased effort to catalogue the corresponding flora and fauna, observe their intricate associations and further understand the implications of such rich diversity in these stressed and vulnerable ecosystems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Débora Santarém da Silva dos Santos: Role: ND
                Valéria Cid Maia: Role: ND
                Daniéla Calado: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rbent
                Title: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. Bras. entomol.
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1806-9665
                Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2019
                Volume: 63
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 356-362
                Affiliations
                [2] Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [1] Barreiras Bahia orgnameUniversidade Federal da Bahia Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0085-56262019000400356 Publisher ID: S0085-5626(19)06300400356
                DOI: 10.1016/j.rbe.2019.07.002
                SO-VID: 0725d34e-ea6a-4458-8e20-d7122e56b4af
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date accepted : 19 July 2019
                Date received : 24 April 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Systematics, Morphology and Biogeography

                Keywords: Gall midge,Cerrado,Insect–plant interaction
                Data availability:
                Keywords: Gall midge, Cerrado, Insect–plant interaction

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