ALCANCES DE LA ACTIVIDAD MICROCREDITICIA EN COLOMBIA

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Abstract

El artículo expone los beneficios económicos derivados del espacio de financiamiento disponible para la población de menores ingresos en el país. Además, muestra las distintas interpretaciones prácticas acerca de las posibilidades reales del microcrédito como herramienta para el desarrollo, comparando los elementos característicos de la experiencia del Grameen Bank frente a la institucionalización del microcrédito en Colombia. El problema del microfinanciamiento es examinado a la luz del análisis económico convencional. De allí se abordan elementos del entorno institucional en distintos países, seguidos por una reseña de la experiencia colombiana. Finalmente se explora una serie de indicadores representativos del microcrédito en nuestro medio. Los indicadores evaluados sugieren que existe espacio para la expansión del microcrédito en condiciones rentables, si bien es preciso que futuras investigaciones enfaticen en la magnitud y el impacto de tal crecimiento sobre el conjunto de la economía.

Translated abstract

This article exposes economic benefits from funding space available for low income population in the country. Also, it shows various practical interpretations on real possibilities of microcredit as a development tool, comparing characteristic elements from Grameen Bank experience in relation to microcredit institutionalization in Colombia. The problem of micro-financing is examined in the light of conventional economic analysis. From that perspective institutional environment elements are treated in various countries, then a Colombian review is presented. Finally, a series of representative indicators of microcredit are explored. The assessed indicators suggest that there is space for microcredit expansion with profitable conditions; it is convenient to do further research emphasizing on the magnitude and impact of such growth on the general economy.

Translated abstract

Este artigo expõe os benefícios econômicos derivados do espaço de financiamento disponível para as populações com menores receitas no país. Mostra também as diferentes interpretações práticas a respeito das possibilidades reais do microcrédito como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento, comparando os elementos característicos da experiência do Grameen Bank frente à institucionalização do microcrédito na Colômbia. O problema do microfinanciamento é examinado à luz da análise econômica convencional. Abordam-se elementos do meio institucional em diferentes países, seguidos de um resumo da experiência colombiana. Finalmente se explora uma série de indicadores representativos do microcrédito em nosso meio. Os indicadores avaliados sugerem que existe espaço para a expansão do microcrédito em condições rentáveis e por isso é preciso que futuras pesquisas enfatizem a magnitude e o impacto de tal crescimento sobre o conjunto da economia.

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Extended Abstracts

B. Mandelbaum, H. Roos, M.S. Shive … (2009)

The soccer athlete has a greater incidence of overuse and acute knee injuries and as a consequence is at most risk for chondropenia and osteoarthritis. Chondropenia conceptually defines the complex nature of the multivariable processes over time including acute and chronic injury, modulators and the aging process. The role of the Sports Medicine team is to prevent injury, restore the joint and ultimately return the athlete to sport while preventing Osteoarthritis. The clinical consequences of full thickness Articular Cartilage defects are pain, swelling, mechanical symptoms athletic and functional disability and osteoarthitis. In the soccer athlete it is articular cartilage that confers the highest levels of performance. It is the fact that any partial or full thickness loss results in loss of day to day resilience and a spectrum of soreness, stiffness, pain and swelling and most importantly. These injuries may be career- ending In this group of high demand participants any increase in activity and loading beyond the articular cartilage threshold for injury, results in a clinical overuse response with the potential negative adaptive consequences of chondropenia and an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis. Lesions to articular cartilage are common acutely but are associated with ACL injuries and long-term chondropenia and Osteoarthitis. The challenge of ACL injury reduction, articular cartilage repair and regeneration and osteoarthitis prevention in the soccer athlete continues to be significant despite significant recent advances. The purpose of this lecture is to present the current concepts with respect to the Athlete's Articular Cartilage the histological, biochemical and clinical implications and contemporary treatments from a historical and an evolutionary prospective as applied during or after their competitive years.