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      Patterns of maternal nutritional status based on mid upper arm circumference

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          To determine the patterns of maternal nutrition status by using mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and to examine the association of maternal nutritional status with the nutritional status of malnourished children under two years of age.

          Methods:

          Descriptive study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine of the Children’s Hospital, Lahore from January 2017 to March 2018. A total of 227 mother accompanying their children admitted for nutritional rehabilitation were included. Demographics of participants along with MUAC of every mother was taken. Data analysis was done by SPSS 22.

          Results:

          Mean maternal age was 28.29±5.30 years and mean age of children was 9.22 ± 6.05 months. Mean maternal MUAC was 25.53±3.63 cm. Normal nutrition was present in only 70 (31%), 35 (15.4%) had moderate to severe under nutrition and 68 (30%) were overweight and 17 (7.5%) were obese. Maternal illiteracy was common 150 (66%) and 203 (89%) belong to poor social class. Majority 150 (75%) children had <-3SD WHZ score. Only 42 (18.5%) children were exclusively breast fed. Maternal malnutrition was significantly associated with severity of child’s undernutrition (p=0.045) and low rates of exclusive breast feeding practices (p=0.049).

          Conclusion:

          Malnutrition, in the form of both under nutrition and obesity is prevalent in mothers of malnourished children belonging to lower social class. Maternal illiteracy and low income are the major contributor in maternal malnutrition which in turn has an impact on child nutrition and breast feeding practices.

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          Most cited references16

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          Mid-upper arm circumference: A surrogate for body mass index in pregnant women

          Ahminah Fakier, Gregory Petro, S Fawcus (2017)
          Nutrition in pregnancy has implications for both mother and fetus, hence the importance of an accurate assessment at the booking visit during antenatal care. The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) is currently the gold standard for measuring body fatness. However, pregnancy-associated weight gain and oedema, as well as late booking in our population setting, cause concern about the reliability of using the BMI to assess body fat or nutritional status in pregnancy. The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) has been used for many decades to assess malnutrition in children aged <5 years. Several studies have also shown a strong correlation between MUAC and BMI in both pregnant and non-pregnant adult populations.
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            Relationship between Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Body Mass Index in Inpatients

            Néstor Benítez Brito, José Pablo Suárez Llanos, Manuel Fuentes Ferrer … (2016)
            Introduction Nutritional screening is a fundamental aspect of the initial evaluation of the hospitalised patient. Body Mass Index (BMI) in association with other parameters is a good marker of malnutrition (<18.5 kg/m2), but it presents the handicap that the great majority of patients cannot be weighed and measured. For this reason it is necessary to find other indicators that can be measured in these patients. Objectives 1) Analyse the relationship between BMI and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC); 2) establish a cut-off point of MUAC equivalent to BMI <18.5 kg/m2. Materials and Methods The anthropometric data of patients hospitalised over the period 2004–2013 were retrospectively revised. The following variables were collected: weight, height, BMI, MUAC, sex and age. Results 1373 patients were evaluated, who presented a mean weight of: 65.04±15.51 kg; height: 1.66±0.09 m; BMI: 23.48±5.03 kg/m2; MUAC: 26.95±4.50 cm; age: 56.24±16.77. MUAC correlates suitably to BMI by means of the following equation (simple linear regression): BMI = − 0.042 + 0.873 x MUAC (cm) (R2 = 0.609), with a Pearson r value of 0.78 (p<0.001). The area under the curve of MUAC for the diagnosis of malnutrition was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90–0.94; p<0.001). The MUAC value ≤22.5 cm presented a sensitivity of 67.7%, specificity of 94.5%, and a correct classification of 90%. No significant statistical differences were found in the cut-off point of MUAC for the diagnosis of malnutrition based on sex (p = 0.115) and age (p = 0.694). Conclusions 1) MUAC correlates positively and significantly with BMI. 2) MUAC ≤ 22.5 cm correlates properly with a BMI of <18.5 kg/m2, independent of the age or sex of the patient, although there are other alternatives. MUAC constitutes a useful tool as a marker of malnutrition, fundamentally in patients for whom weight and height cannot be determined.
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              Maternal and child health: is South Asia ready for change?

              Shally Awasthi, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Dharma Manandhar … (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pak J Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pak J Med Sci
                Title: Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
                Publisher: Professional Medical Publications (Pakistan )
                ISSN (Print): 1682-024X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1681-715X
                Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2020
                Volume: 36
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 382-386
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dr. Attia Bari, (DCH, MCPS, FCPS, MHPE), Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                [2 ]Dr. Nighat Sultana, (FCPS), Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                [3 ]Dr. Sana Mehreen, (FCPS), Senior Registrar, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                [4 ]Dr. Nadia Sadaqat, (FCPS), Senior Registrar, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                [5 ]Dr. Izza Imran, (FCPS), Senior Registrar, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                [6 ]Miss. Rashida Javed, (MSc Nutrition), Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children’s Hospital and The ICH, Lahore, Pakistan
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Attia Bari, Associate Professor, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan. Email: drattiabari@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: PJMS-39-382
                DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1331
                PMC ID: 7150405
                SO-VID: 0774c366-2104-42cb-8c73-4f9b4ba12622
                Copyright © Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 09 July 2019
                Date revision received : 02 December 2019
                Date accepted : 18 December 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: children,malnutrition,maternal nutrition,mid upper arm circumference,whz score
                Data availability:
                Keywords: children, malnutrition, maternal nutrition, mid upper arm circumference, whz score

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