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      Risk Assessment of Agricultural Plastic Films Based on Release Kinetics of Phthalate Acid Esters

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          Most cited references52

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          Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife.

          Plastics debris in the marine environment, including resin pellets, fragments and microscopic plastic fragments, contain organic contaminants, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides (2,2'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, hexachlorinated hexanes), polybrominated diphenylethers, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, at concentrations from sub ng g(-1) to microg g(-1). Some of these compounds are added during plastics manufacture, while others adsorb from the surrounding seawater. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants adsorbed on plastics showed distinct spatial variations reflecting global pollution patterns. Model calculations and experimental observations consistently show that polyethylene accumulates more organic contaminants than other plastics such as polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride. Both a mathematical model using equilibrium partitioning and experimental data have demonstrated the transfer of contaminants from plastic to organisms. A feeding experiment indicated that PCBs could transfer from contaminated plastics to streaked shearwater chicks. Plasticizers, other plastics additives and constitutional monomers also present potential threats in terrestrial environments because they can leach from waste disposal sites into groundwater and/or surface waters. Leaching and degradation of plasticizers and polymers are complex phenomena dependent on environmental conditions in the landfill and the chemical properties of each additive. Bisphenol A concentrations in leachates from municipal waste disposal sites in tropical Asia ranged from sub microg l(-1) to mg l(-1) and were correlated with the level of economic development.
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            Effects of Microplastics in Soil Ecosystems: Above and Below Ground

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              Biodegradable and bio-based polymers: future prospects of eco-friendly plastics.

              Currently used plastics are mostly produced from petrochemical products, but there is a growing demand for eco-friendly plastics. The use of bio-based plastics, which are produced from renewable resources, and biodegradable plastics, which are degraded in the environment, will lead to a more sustainable society and help us solve global environmental and waste management problems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Environmental Science & Technology
                Environ. Sci. Technol.
                American Chemical Society (ACS)
                0013-936X
                1520-5851
                March 16 2021
                February 24 2021
                March 16 2021
                : 55
                : 6
                : 3676-3685
                Affiliations
                [1 ]CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
                [2 ]University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
                [3 ]Department of Environmental Horticulture, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Surrey GU23 6QB, U.K.
                Article
                10.1021/acs.est.0c07008
                07a41ad5-bed3-4e5a-91a7-3c750e5befcf
                © 2021

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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