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      Breastfeeding advice given to African American and white women by physicians and WIC counselors

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      Public Health Reports
      Elsevier BV

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          Breast-feeding and health in the 1980s: a global epidemiologic review.

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            Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm.

            There is considerable controversy over whether nutrition in early life has a long-term influence on neurodevelopment. We have shown previously that, in preterm infants, mother's choice to provide breast milk was associated with higher developmental scores at 18 months. We now report data on intelligence quotient (IQ) in the same children seen at 7 1/2-8 years. IQ was assessed in 300 children with an abbreviated version of the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (revised Anglicised). Children who had consumed mother's milk in the early weeks of life had a significantly higher IQ at 7 1/2-8 years than did those who received no maternal milk. An 8.3 point advantage (over half a standard deviation) in IQ remained even after adjustment for differences between groups in mother's education and social class (p less than 0.0001). This advantage was associated with being fed mother's milk by tube rather than with the process of breastfeeding. There was a dose-response relation between the proportion of mother's milk in the diet and subsequent IQ. Children whose mothers chose to provide milk but failed to do so had the same IQ as those whose mothers elected not to provide breast milk. Although these results could be explained by differences between groups in parenting skills or genetic potential (even after adjustment for social and educational factors), our data point to a beneficial effect of human milk on neurodevelopment.
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              Role of human-milk lactadherin in protectoin against symptomatic rotavirus infection

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Public Health Reports
                Public Health Reports
                Elsevier BV
                00333549
                July 2003
                July 2003
                : 118
                : 4
                : 368-376
                Article
                10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50264-9
                12815087
                07c914ef-34f3-43da-8918-b9a97393fdfe
                © 2003

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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