Normative Data of Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in the Indian Population

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background There is no normative study of transregional grip strength data available from India. Hence, a multicenter study is designed to obtain reference value.

Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted as a part of the Indian normative data project of the Indian Society for Surgery of the Hand. The study included three participating centers: one from the northern part and two from the southern part. Certified calibrated Jamar dynamometer and Jamar pinch gauge were used to measure the grip strength, key pinch strength, tip pinch strength, and tripod pinch strength as per the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists.

Results A total of 1,019 volunteers in the age group of 18 to 60 years were studied. The mean grip strength in males and females was 38.18 and 24.06 kg, respectively. The mean key pinch strength was 8.52 kg in males and 5.97 kg in females. The mean tip pinch strength was 4.86 kg in males and 3.59 kg in females. The mean tripod pinch strength was 5.41 kg in males and 4.16 kg in females.

Conclusions All four strengths were lower in value when compared with American and other populations. The men had more strength than women. There was no relation to hand dominance. There was a correlation for age and height but no correlation with body mass index (BMI).

Related collections

Most cited references 23

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment

Liang-Kung Chen, Jean Woo, Prasert Assantachai … (2020)

Clinical and research interest in sarcopenia has burgeoned internationally, Asia included. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2014 consensus defined sarcopenia as "age-related loss of muscle mass, plus low muscle strength, and/or low physical performance" and specified cutoffs for each diagnostic component; research in Asia consequently flourished, prompting this update. AWGS 2019 retains the previous definition of sarcopenia but revises the diagnostic algorithm, protocols, and some criteria: low muscle strength is defined as handgrip strength <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women; criteria for low physical performance are 6-m walk <1.0 m/s, Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤9, or 5-time chair stand test ≥12 seconds. AWGS 2019 retains the original cutoffs for height-adjusted muscle mass: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, <7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.4 kg/m2 in women; and bioimpedance, <7.0 kg/m2 in men and <5.7 kg/m2 in women. In addition, the AWGS 2019 update proposes separate algorithms for community vs hospital settings, which both begin by screening either calf circumference (<34 cm in men, <33 cm in women), SARC-F (≥4), or SARC-CalF (≥11), to facilitate earlier identification of people at risk for sarcopenia. Although skeletal muscle strength and mass are both still considered fundamental to a definitive clinical diagnosis, AWGS 2019 also introduces "possible sarcopenia," defined by either low muscle strength or low physical performance only, specifically for use in primary health care or community-based health promotion, to enable earlier lifestyle interventions. Although defining sarcopenia by body mass index-adjusted muscle mass instead of height-adjusted muscle mass may predict adverse outcomes better, more evidence is needed before changing current recommendations. Lifestyle interventions, especially exercise and nutritional supplementation, prevail as mainstays of treatment. Further research is needed to investigate potential long-term benefits of lifestyle interventions, nutritional supplements, or pharmacotherapy for sarcopenia in Asians.

0 comments Cited 1781 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults.

N Kashman, V Mathiowetz, M Dowe … (1985)

The primary purpose of this study was to establish clinical norms for adults aged 20 to 75+ years on four tests of hand strength. A dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and a pinch gauge to measure tip, key, and palmar pinch. A sample of 310 male and 328 female adults, ages 20 to 94, from the seven-county Milwaukee area were tested using standardized positioning and instructions. Right hand and left hand data were stratified into 12 age groups for both sexes. This stratification provides a means of comparing the score of individual patients to that of normal subjects of the same age and sex. The highest grip strength scores occurred in the 25 to 39 age groups. For tip, key, and palmar pinch the average scores were relatively stable from 20 to 59 years, with a gradual decline from 60 to 79 years. A high correlation was seen between grip strength and age, but a low to moderate correlation between pinch strength and age. The newer pinch gauge used in this study appears to read higher than that used in a previous normative study. Comparison of the average hand strength of right-handed and left-handed subjects showed only minimal differences.

0 comments Cited 162 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Hand strength: normative values.

Carla Crosby, Marwan Wehbé (1994)

We studied normal hand strength and the difference between dominant and nondominant hands. Two hundred fourteen volunteers were tested with a calibrated Jamar dynamometer at all five levels. A pinch gauge was used to assess key and pulp pinch. Height, weight, sex, hand dominance, and hobby demands were predictive of maximum grip. Mean maximum grip for women was 81 lb. and for men was 137 lb. Key pinch averaged 22%, while pulp pinch averaged 16% of maximum grip. Only 129 (60%) patients had maximum strengths at level 2. The majority of right-handed subjects were 10% stronger in grip strength on the dominant side. In left-handed subjects, mean grip was the same for both hands; the nondominant hand was stronger in 50% of left-handed subjects.

0 comments Cited 79 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Plast Surg

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Plast Surg

Journal ID (doi): 10.1055/s-00042863

Title: Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery : Official Publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India

Publisher: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd. (A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India )

ISSN (Print): 0970-0358

ISSN (Electronic): 1998-376X

Publication date (Electronic): 16 August 2024

Publication date Collection: August 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 1 August 2024

Volume: 57

Issue: 4

Pages: 256-262

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Hand Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

[2 ]Department of Hand Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India

[3 ]Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India

[4 ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

[5 ]Department of Plastic Surgery, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence Subashini Rajendiran, MBBS, DNB, MCh, EDHS Department of Hand Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil NaduIndia doctor.subashini@ 123456ymail.com

Author information

Subashini Rajendiran http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-723X

G. Mithun Pai http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-5484

Sunil Gaba http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8743-5987

Article

Publisher ID: IJPS-24-3-2742

DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788999

PMC ID: 11436323

PubMed ID: 39345673

SO-VID: 07d8971a-f8c7-4a5a-ba41-5d9a0b828283

Copyright © Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

Normative Data of Grip Strength and Pinch Strength in the Indian Population

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

ScienceOpen Clinical Case Reports Collection

Most cited references 23

Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment

Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults.

Hand strength: normative values.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Author notes

Author information

Article

History

Funding

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 539

Most referenced authors 292