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      Does the uptake of wagering inducements predict impulse betting on sport?

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          Marketing inducements for addictive products, such as wagering, can prompt impulse purchasing by triggering consumption reminders, urges, and cravings. Wagering inducements incentivize betting by providing bonus bets, money-back guarantees, deposits into betting accounts, and discounts. Their promotion during sporting events, push marketing efforts directed at consumers, and ease of uptake at the point-of-sale, may trigger betting on impulse. This study examined whether the uptake of wagering inducements predicted impulse betting on sport.

          Methods

          Australian sports bettors ( N = 1,813) completed an online survey measuring their proportion of planned bets, impulse bets before match commencement, and impulse bets during play; frequency of using wagering inducements; and several psychological, behavioral, and demographic variables.

          Results

          More frequent users of wagering inducements had a greater tendency to place impulse in-play bets, which were also predicted by problem gambling, higher buying impulsiveness, higher frequency of watching sports, younger age, and higher educational status. Sports bettors with a greater tendency to place impulse bets before match commencement also tended to have higher buying impulsiveness and to be younger, but they used inducements less frequently, and tended to be female, less-educated and non-problem, moderate risk, or problem gamblers.

          Discussion and conclusions

          Uptake of wagering inducements appeared to be particularly effective in stimulating impulse in-play betting among problem gamblers and frequent sports viewers. These results suggest that a more cautious approach to the regulation of both in-play bets and wagering inducements may be required to better protect young adults from gambling problems and harm.

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          Most cited references56

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          Normative Influences on Impulsive Buying Behavior

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            Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015)

            Problem gambling has been identified as an emergent public health issue, and there is a need to identify gambling trends and to regularly update worldwide gambling prevalence rates. This paper aims to review recent research on adult gambling and problem gambling (since 2000) and then, in the context of a growing liberalization of the gambling market in the European Union, intends to provide a more detailed analysis of adult gambling behavior across European countries. A systematic literature search was carried out using academic databases, Internet, and governmental websites. Following this search and utilizing exclusion criteria, 69 studies on adult gambling prevalence were identified. These studies demonstrated that there are wide variations in past-year problem gambling rates across different countries in the world (0.12–5.8%) and in Europe (0.12–3.4%). However, it is difficult to directly compare studies due to different methodological procedures, instruments, cut-offs, and time frames. Despite the variability among instruments, some consistent results with regard to demographics were found. The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of problem gambling prevalence rates in order to examine the influence of cultural context on gambling patterns, assess the effectiveness of policies on gambling-related harms, and establish priorities for future research.
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              Self-reported dependence on mobile phones in young adults: A European cross-cultural empirical survey

              Despite many positive benefits, mobile phone use can be associated with harmful and detrimental behaviors. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine (a) cross-cultural patterns of perceived dependence on mobile phones in ten European countries, first, grouped in four different regions (North: Finland and UK; South: Spain and Italy; East: Hungary and Poland; West: France, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland), and second by country, and (b) how socio-demographics, geographic differences, mobile phone usage patterns, and associated activities predicted this perceived dependence. A sample of 2,775 young adults (aged 18–29 years) were recruited in different European Universities who participated in an online survey. Measures included socio-demographic variables, patterns of mobile phone use, and the dependence subscale of a short version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ; Billieux, Van der Linden, & Rochat, 2008). The young adults from the Northern and Southern regions reported the heaviest use of mobile phones, whereas perceived dependence was less prevalent in the Eastern region. However, the proportion of highly dependent mobile phone users was more elevated in Belgium, UK, and France. Regression analysis identified several risk factors for increased scores on the PMPUQ dependence subscale, namely using mobile phones daily, being female, engaging in social networking, playing video games, shopping and viewing TV shows through the Internet, chatting and messaging, and using mobile phones for downloading-related activities. Self-reported dependence on mobile phone use is influenced by frequency and specific application usage.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jba
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                J Behav Addict
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                05 March 2018
                March 2018
                : 7
                : 1
                : 146-157
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
                [ 2 ] School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Sydney, NSW, Australia
                [ 3 ] School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University , North Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
                [ 4 ] La Trobe Business School, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Nerilee Hing; School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, University Drive, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia; Phone: +61 7 4150 7700; Fax: +61 7 4150 7080; E-mail: n.hing@ 123456cqu.edu.au
                Article
                10.1556/2006.7.2018.17
                6035013
                29508623
                07e771dd-6392-4108-936b-8dab67fff717
                © 2018 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 10 October 2017
                : 13 December 2017
                : 04 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funding sources: Financial support for this study was received from Southern Cross University when NH and AR were previously employed there.
                Categories
                FULL-LENGTH REPORT

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                marketing,problem gambling,sports betting,inducements,sales promotions,live-action betting

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