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      Synergetic effect between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele (IL1RN*2) and MHC class II (DR17,DQ2) in determining susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus

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      Lupus
      SAGE Publications

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          HLA-DR typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2 hours: an alternative to serological DR typing in clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantation.

          In most PCR-based tissue typing techniques the PCR amplification is followed by a post-amplification specificity step. In typing by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), typing specificity is part of the amplification step, which makes the technique almost as fast as serological tissue typing. In the present study primers were designed for DR "low-resolution" typing by PCR-SSP, i.e. identifying polymorphism corresponding to the serologically defined series DR1-DRw18. This resolution was achieved by performing 19 PCR reactions per individual, 17 for assigning DR1-DRw18 and 2 for the DRw52 and DRw53 superspecificities. Thirty cell lines and 121 individuals were typed by the DR "low-resolution" PCR-SSP technique, TaqI DRB-DQA-DQB RFLP analysis and serology. The concordance between PCR-SSP typing and RFLP analysis was 100%. The reproducibility was 100% in 40 samples typed on two separate occasions. No false-positive or false-negative typing results were obtained. All homozygous and heterozygous combinations of DR1-DRw18 could be distinguished. Amplification patterns segregated according to dominant Mendelian inheritance. DNA preparation, PCR amplification and post-amplification processing, including gel detection, documentation and interpretation, were performed in 2 hours. In conclusion, PCR-SSP is an accurate typing technique with high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. The method is rapid and inexpensive. DR "low-resolution" typing by the PCR-SSP technique is ideally suited for analyzing small numbers of samples simultaneously and is an alternative to serological DR typing in routine clinical practice including donor-recipient matching in cadaveric transplantations.
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            Polymorphism in human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene intron 2 is caused by variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat.

            We have investigated the polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene and identified two new alleles of the system. We have shown that the polymorphism is caused by the variable copy number of an 86-bp sequence, by using the polymerase chain reaction and primers immediately flanking the repeat region, and by direct sequencing. The repeat region contains three potential protein-binding sites and therefore the variable copy number may have functional significance.
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              Presence of the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is associated with enhanced IL-1beta production in vitro.

              The genes of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) complex code for three proteins: IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Each of these genes is polymorphic and there is increasing evidence that certain alleles are associated with increased susceptibility to a given disease of inflammatory nature. In the IL-1beta gene there are two base-exchange polymorphisms in positions -511 and +3953, and IL-1RA gene has a penta-allelic polymorphic site in intron 2 containing variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat sequence. As the IL-1beta/IL-1RA ratio may be critical in the regulation of inflammation, we examined whether there are allelic associations between these loci (thus suggesting co-ordinate regulation) and whether these have an effect on the in vitro production of IL-1beta. We found that the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is associated with the presence of allele 2 of the IL-1beta gene (position -511) and with the absence of allele 2 of the IL-1beta gene (position +3953). Mononuclear cells from carriers of allele 2 (position -511) and non-carriers of allele 2 (position +3953) had a slight, but non-significant, elevated capacity to produce IL-1beta in vitro. However, IL-1RA allele 2 strongly increased in vitro production of IL-1beta, regardless of the presence or absence of these alleles. Taken together, these data suggest that the known allelisms in the IL-1beta gene are not major regulators of the in vitro IL-1beta production, but the IL-1RA allele 2 (or an unknown allele strongly associated with it) has a decisive role.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Lupus
                Lupus
                SAGE Publications
                0961-2033
                1477-0962
                July 02 2016
                July 02 2016
                : 8
                : 2
                : 103-108
                Article
                10.1191/096120399678847560
                07ee0f59-8e2b-4daf-ad79-93bcd3a353b8
                © 2016
                History

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