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      Linking Internet Communication and Smartphone Use Disorder by taking a closer look at the Facebook and WhatsApp applications ☆

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Smartphones are ubiquitous in the digital society. Although this powerful device is useful because it supports and simplifies many tasks in everyday life, a growing number of researchers is concerned that smartphones might have detrimental effects on the human brain and related psychological processes. Evidence indicates that social media platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook are essential drivers of smartphone usage. Thus, a critical, yet unexplored issue is how excessive use of those platforms is related to Smartphone Use Disorder (SUD). Furthermore, since the roles of life satisfaction and fear of missing out (FoMo) have been demonstrated to be of particular importance for Internet Use and Internet Communication Disorder, those constructs were examined in the context of SUD.

          Methods

          In total, n = 2299 participants filled in questionnaires assessing SUD, WhatsApp and Facebook Use Disorder, FoMO, life satisfaction, and reported owning a WhatsApp and Facebook account.

          Results

          The study revealed that SUD was linked to WhatsApp Use Disorder, and to a lesser extent, to Facebook Use Disorder. Associations between SUD and WhatsApp Use Disorder were most strongly pronounced in females. Additionally, FoMo predicted SUD, WhatsApp, Facebook Use Disorder, and (fully) mediated the relationship between life satisfaction and those variables.

          Conclusion

          The findings of the present study suggest that WhatsApp use plays an important role to understand SUD. Regarding the mediating role of FoMO, the present work might help disentangle inconsistent results on the link between life satisfaction and (excessive) social networking sites use.

          Highlights

          • •

            SUD is linked to WhatsApp (WUD) and Facebook Use Disorder (FUD).

          • •

            The association between SUD and WUT is stronger than with FUD.

          • •

            FoMO (fully) mediates the link between life satisfaction and SUD, WUD and FUD.

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          Most cited references34

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          A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use

          R.A. Davis (2001)
          Article 0 comments Cited 669 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model.

            Matthias Brand, Kimberly Young, CHRISTIAN LAIER … (2016)
            Within the last two decades, many studies have addressed the clinical phenomenon of Internet-use disorders, with a particular focus on Internet-gaming disorder. Based on previous theoretical considerations and empirical findings, we suggest an Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model of specific Internet-use disorders. The I-PACE model is a theoretical framework for the processes underlying the development and maintenance of an addictive use of certain Internet applications or sites promoting gaming, gambling, pornography viewing, shopping, or communication. The model is composed as a process model. Specific Internet-use disorders are considered to be the consequence of interactions between predisposing factors, such as neurobiological and psychological constitutions, moderators, such as coping styles and Internet-related cognitive biases, and mediators, such as affective and cognitive responses to situational triggers in combination with reduced executive functioning. Conditioning processes may strengthen these associations within an addiction process. Although the hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders, summarized in the I-PACE model, must be further tested empirically, implications for treatment interventions are suggested.
            Article 0 comments Cited 525 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex.

              Bush, Luu, Posner (2000)
              Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a part of the brain's limbic system. Classically, this region has been related to affect, on the basis of lesion studies in humans and in animals. In the late 1980s, neuroimaging research indicated that ACC was active in many studies of cognition. The findings from EEG studies of a focal area of negativity in scalp electrodes following an error response led to the idea that ACC might be the brain's error detection and correction device. In this article, these various findings are reviewed in relation to the idea that ACC is a part of a circuit involved in a form of attention that serves to regulate both cognitive and emotional processing. Neuroimaging studies showing that separate areas of ACC are involved in cognition and emotion are discussed and related to results showing that the error negativity is influenced by affect and motivation. In addition, the development of the emotional and cognitive roles of ACC are discussed, and how the success of this regulation in controlling responses might be correlated with cingulate size. Finally, some theories are considered about how the different subdivisions of ACC might interact with other cortical structures as a part of the circuits involved in the regulation of mental and emotional activity.
              Article 0 comments Cited 466 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Peng Sha
                Rayna Sariyska
                René Riedl
                Bernd Lachmann
                Christian Montag
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Addict Behav Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Addict Behav Rep
                Title: Addictive Behaviors Reports
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-8532
                Publication date PMC-release: 23 November 2018
                Publication date Collection: June 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 November 2018
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100148
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Journalism and Communication, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
                [b ]Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
                [c ]School of Management, Digital Business Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
                [d ]Department of Business Informatics-Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
                [e ]The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Department of Molecular Psychology, Ulm University, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany. mail@ 123456christianmontag.de
                [1]

                Shared first authorship.

                Article
                Publisher ID: S2352-8532(18)30156-1 Publisher ID: 100148
                DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100148
                PMC ID: 6543448
                PubMed ID: 31193857
                SO-VID: 07f4f8b0-7815-4bda-994b-6357ad28b362
                Copyright © © 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 20 September 2018
                Date revision received : 21 November 2018
                Date accepted : 21 November 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Research paper

                Keywords: smartphone use disorder,internet communication disorder,whatsapp,facebook,fomo,life satisfaction
                Data availability:
                Keywords: smartphone use disorder, internet communication disorder, whatsapp, facebook, fomo, life satisfaction

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