Caracterización química de material particulado PM10 en la atmósfera de La Guajira, Colombia

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Durante el año 2013, se realizó un estudio en La Guajira, Colombia, con el fin de determinar la fracción respirable y la fracción acuosa del material particulado PM10, producto de las actividades mineras de carbón a cielo abierto que ocupan casi 30% del territorio; también se evaluó su asociación a fuentes naturales y antropogénicas. La recolección de filtros se realizó por medio de un sistema de monitoreo conformado por catorce estaciones mediante equipos muestreadores de alto volumen PM10 (Thermo Scientific VFC-PM10 High Volume Air Sampler). Para el análisis, los filtros de cuarzo fueron sometidos a extracción acuosa en caliente y se determinaron los iones por espectrofotometría UV-VIS. Las concentraciones más altas corresponden a la especies SO4(2-) (0,25 μg/m³), Cl- (0,19 μg/m³), NH4+ (0,032 μg/m³), Na+ (1,98 μg/m³), Ca2+ (0,40 μg/m³) y Mg2+ (0,31 μg/m³). Los resultados indican que las principales fuentes responsables del material particulado corresponden al aerosol marino impulsado por las corrientes (Cl- y Na+) de origen natural, y las actividades agrícolas, pecuarias (NTHl+) y mineras (SO4(2-), Ca2+ y Mg2+) de origen antropogénico.

Translated abstract

During 2013, a study in La Guajira, Colombia, was conducted to characterize both aqueous and respirable fractions of particulate matter PM10, result of coal mining activities that occupy nearly 30% ofthe territory, and to evaluate its association with natural and anthropogenic sources. Filters collection was carried out through a monitoring system that consists in fourteen stations, using a high volume sampling equipment PM10 (Thermo Scientific VFC-PM10 High Volume Air Sampler). The extraction was done with hot water and the analysis by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The highest concentrations correspond to SO4(2-) (0.25 μg/ m³), Cl- (0.19 μg/m³), NH4+ (0.032 μg/m³), Na+ (1.98 μg/m³), Ca2+ (0.40 μg/m³) and Mg2+ (0.31 μg/m³). Results indicate that the main responsible sources of t e c emical content in particulate matter correspond to marine aerosol, impulsed by sea currents (Cl-and Na+) from natural origin, and agricultural activities, livestock (NH4+) and mining (SO4(2-), Ca2+ and Mg2+) from anthropo genic origin.

Translated abstract

Foi realizado um estudo no ano 2013 na Guajira, Colômbia, com fim de determinar a fração respirável e a fração aquosa do material particulado PM10 produto da mineração de carvão a céu aberto que ocupa quase 30% do território; também foi avaliada sua associação com fontes naturais e antropogénicas. A coleta de filtros foi realizada por um sistema de monitorização composta por quatorze estações utilizando equipamento de amostragem de alto volume de PM10 (Thermo Scientific VFC-PM10 High Volume Air Sampler). Para a análise, os filtros de quartzo foram submetidas à extração aquosa a quente e foram determinados os íons por espectrofotometria UV-VIS. As concentrações mais elevadas correspondem às espécies SO4(2-) (0,25 μg/m³), Cl- (0,19 μg/m³), NH4+, (0,032 μg/m³), Na+ (1,98 μg/m³), Ca2+ (0,40 μg/m³) e Mg2+ (0,31 μg/m³). Os resultados indicam que as principais fontes responsáveis do material particulado de origem natural correspondem ao aerossol marin o conduzido pelas correntes oceânicas (Cl- e Na+), as atividades agrícolas, pecuárias (NH4+) e mineiras (SO4(2-), Ca2+ e Mg2+) de origem antropogénica.

Related collections

Most cited references 38

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults.

C Pope, M Thun, M M Namboodiri … (1995)

Time-series, cross-sectional, and prospective cohort studies have observed associations between mortality and particulate air pollution but have been limited by ecologic design or small number of subjects or study areas. The present study evaluates effects of particulate air pollution on mortality using data from a large cohort drawn from many study areas. We linked ambient air pollution data from 151 U.S. metropolitan areas in 1980 with individual risk factor on 552,138 adults who resided in these areas when enrolled in a prospective study in 1982. Deaths were ascertained through December, 1989. Exposure to sulfate and fine particulate air pollution, which is primarily from fossil fuel combustion, was estimated from national data bases. The relationships of air pollution to all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiopulmonary mortality was examined using multivariate analysis which controlled for smoking, education, and other risk factors. Although small compared with cigarette smoking, an association between mortality and particulate air pollution was observed. Adjusted relative risk ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality for the most polluted areas compared with the least polluted equaled 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) and 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26) when using sulfate and fine particulate measures respectively. Particulate air pollution was associated with cardiopulmonary and lung cancer mortality but not with mortality due to other causes. Increased mortality is associated with sulfate and fine particulate air pollution at levels commonly found in U.S. cities. The increase in risk is not attributable to tobacco smoking, although other unmeasured correlates of pollution cannot be excluded with certainty.