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      Intervention protocol to improve scabies control in enclosed communities: a case report Translated title: Optimización de un protocolo de intervención contra la sarna en comunidades cerradas a propósito de una serie de casos

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To describe patients with scabies in a prison setting. Document what type of treatment was carried out. Prepare an intervention protocol to improve scabies control in the Penitentiary Center.

          Material and method

          All cases of scabies diagnosed in the Youth Detention Centre (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) between November 2018 and November 2019 were recorded. The treatment used was recorded. Bibliographical research on the protocols and treatment guidelines was carried out for community-acquired scabies.

          Results

          The study was performed with 762 inmates, of whom 61 patients were diagnosed with scabies. 39 patients’ pathologies were detected at the time of admission to the center, 11 cases were diagnosed in the first 6 weeks after entering the prison, coinciding with the incubation period of the disease. Finally, 11 more were diagnosed when they had already been in prison for more than 6 weeks and therefore could be infected cases within the center. This parasitosis was detected mainly in inmates of North African origin, 14.7% of Algerian inmates and 14.2% of Moroccan inmates presented this pathology, compared to 1.6% among Spanish prisoners. All 61 patients were treated with permethrin and 8 cases had to repeat the treatment cycle due to apparent therapeutic failure. Research literature indicates that oral ivermectin should be the drug of first choice for the treatment of scabies in prison.

          Discussion

          The high incidence of scabies cases detected in prison led us to carry out a bibliographic review that brought about changes in the treatment protocol that may be of interest for the control of the disease in closed communities.

          Resumen

          Objetivos

          Describir el perfil de los internos que ingresan en un centro penitenciario afectos de sarna. Documentar qué tipo de tratamiento se les realizó. Elaborar un protocolo de intervención para mejorar el control de la sarna (escabiosis) en el centro penitenciario.

          Material y método

          Se registraron todos los casos de sarna diagnosticados en el Centro Penitenciario de Jóvenes (La Roca del Vallès, Barcelona) entre noviembre de 2018 y noviembre de 2019. Se registró el tratamiento que se realizó. Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre los protocolos y las guías de tratamiento en la sarna adquirida en la comunidad.

          Resultados

          La población objeto del estudio fue de 762 reclusos, entre los cuales se diagnosticaron 61 pacientes con sarna; en 39 de ellos, se detectó la patología en el momento del ingreso al centro, 11 casos se diagnosticaron en las primeras seis semanas tras el ingreso en la prisión, coincidiendo con el periodo de incubación de la enfermedad, y 11 más fueron diagnosticados cuando ya llevaban en la prisión más de seis semanas y, por tanto, podrían ser casos contagiados dentro del centro. Esta parasitosis se detectó fundamentalmente en reclusos de origen norteafricano, el 14,7 % de los internos argelinos y el 14,2 % de los marroquíes presentaban esta patología, frente al 1,6 % entre los españoles. Los 61 pacientes fueron tratados con permetrina, y en ocho casos, fue necesario repetir el ciclo de tratamiento por un aparente fracaso terapéutico. La investigación bibliográfica indica que la ivermectina oral debe ser el fármaco de primera elección para el tratamiento de la sarna en prisión.

          Discusión

          La elevada incidencia de casos de sarna detectados en la prisión nos ha motivado a realizar una revisión bibliográfica que ha ocasionado cambios en el protocolo de tratamiento que pueden ser de interés para el control de la enfermedad en comunidades cerradas.

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          Most cited references34

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          Mass Drug Administration for Scabies Control in a Population with Endemic Disease.

          Scabies is an underrecognized cause of illness in many developing countries. It is associated with impetigo, which can lead to serious systemic complications. We conducted a trial of mass drug administration for scabies control in Fiji.
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            Infections in the homeless.

            Homeless people in developed countries have specific problems predisposing them to infectious diseases. Respiratory infections and outbreaks of tuberculosis and other aerosol transmitted infections have been reported. Homeless intravenous drug users are at an increased risk of contracting HIV, and hepatitis B and C infections. Skin problems are the main reason the homeless seek medical attention, and these commonly include scabies, pediculosis, tinea infections, and impetigo. Many foot disorders are more prevalent in the homeless including ulcers, cellulitis, erysipelas, and gas gangrene. The louse transmitted bacteria Bartonella quintana has recently been found to cause clinical conditions in the homeless such as urban trench fever, bacillary angiomatosis, endocarditis, and chronic afebrile bacteraemia. Treatment of homeless people is complicated by financial constraints, self-neglect, and lack of adherence. Patients with serious and contagious illnesses should be hospitalised. Physicians should be aware of these specific issues to enhance care.
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              European guideline for the management of scabies.

              Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The disease can be sexually transmitted. Patients' main complaint is nocturnal itch. Disseminated, excoriated, erythematous papules are usually seen on the anterior trunk and limbs. Crusted scabies occurs in immunocompromised hosts and may be associated with reduced or absent pruritus. Recommended treatments are permethrin 5% cream, oral ivermectin and benzyl benzoate 25% lotion. Alternative treatments are malathion 0.5% aqueous lotion, ivermectin 1% lotion and sulphur 6-33% cream, ointment or lotion. Crusted scabies therapy requires a topical scabicide and oral ivermectin. Mass treatment of large populations with endemic disease can be performed with a single dose of ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg of bodyweight). Partner management needs a look-back period of 2 months. Screening for other STI is recommended. Patients and close contacts should avoid sexual contact until completion of treatment and should strictly observe personal hygiene rules when living in crowded spaces. Written information should be provided to suspected cases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                Rev Esp Sanid Penit
                sanipe
                Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                Sociedad Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria
                1575-0620
                2013-6463
                Jan-Apr 2021
                31 March 2021
                : 23
                : 1
                : 37-42
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalPrimary Care Service Team, La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison. Catalonian Health Institute. Regional Government of Catalonia. orgdiv2La Roca del Vallès-2 Prison orgdiv1Catalonian Health Institute orgnameRegional Government of Catalonia
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Pedro A. Martínez-Carpio. E-mail: pmc@ 123456investilaser.com
                Article
                10.18176/resp.00029
                8278167
                33847704
                0832ff6e-ec29-4e09-b989-926ac4c33451

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 01 April 2020
                : 16 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 06
                Categories
                Special Article

                scabies,epidemic,poverty,ivermectin,prisons,escabiosis,epidemia,pobreza,ivermectina,prisiones

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