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      The quality of assessment tasks as a determinant of learning

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          Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling

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              Resampling and Distribution of the Product Methods for Testing Indirect Effects in Complex Models.

              Recent advances in testing mediation have found that certain resampling methods and tests based on the mathematical distribution of 2 normal random variables substantially outperform the traditional z test. However, these studies have primarily focused only on models with a single mediator and 2 component paths. To address this limitation, a simulation was conducted to evaluate these alternative methods in a more complex path model with multiple mediators and indirect paths with 2 and 3 paths. Methods for testing contrasts of 2 effects were evaluated also. The simulation included 1 exogenous independent variable, 3 mediators and 2 outcomes and varied sample size, number of paths in the mediated effects, test used to evaluate effects, effect sizes for each path, and the value of the contrast. Confidence intervals were used to evaluate the power and Type I error rate of each method, and were examined for coverage and bias. The bias-corrected bootstrap had the least biased confidence intervals, greatest power to detect nonzero effects and contrasts, and the most accurate overall Type I error. All tests had less power to detect 3-path effects and more inaccurate Type I error compared to 2-path effects. Confidence intervals were biased for mediated effects, as found in previous studies. Results for contrasts did not vary greatly by test, although resampling approaches had somewhat greater power and might be preferable because of ease of use and flexibility.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education
                Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education
                Informa UK Limited
                0260-2938
                1469-297X
                August 18 2021
                October 08 2020
                August 18 2021
                : 46
                : 6
                : 943-955
                Affiliations
                [1 ]EVALfor Research Group - UNESCO Chair on Evaluation and Assessment, Innovation and Excellence in Education, University of Cadiz, Spain
                [2 ]Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Australia
                [3 ]Emeritus Professor, University of Technology in Sydney, Australia
                [4 ]Professor of Work and Learning, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
                Article
                10.1080/02602938.2020.1828268
                083740b4-2882-421a-9e4c-beb4fd4f297e
                © 2021

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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