Biosólidos en la producción de maíz: impacto socioeconómico en zonas rurales del municipio de Puebla  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Biosolids in maize production: Socioeconomic impact on rural areas of the municipality of Puebla </span>

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Abstract

La generación de desechos manifiesta la compleja relación sociedad-naturaleza. Los biosólidos son un subproducto del tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas y su disposición final se ha convertido es un problema ambiental. Una opción es utilizarlos como enmiendas orgánicas en suelos agrícolas. En el municipio de Puebla, México, se generan 200 t d-1 de biosólidos que se utilizan en suelos agrícolas en zonas rurales. Los efectos ocasionados al suelo y al ambiente han sido muy estudiados, pero sobre los efectos socioeconómicos de los productores y sus familias, es un campo inexplorado. Se realizó una encuesta a los productores de la localidad de La Paz Tlaxcolpan, Puebla, que aplican biosólidos en sus parcelas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la magnitud de los beneficios económicos y sociales que reciben por utilizar biosólidos. Hay incremento en los rendimientos en un rango de 25% a 400%. Los beneficios económicos y sociales son mínimos.

Translated abstract

Waste generation, manifest the complex relationship between society and nature. Bio-solids are a byproduct of urban waste water treatment and final disposal is an environmental problema. One option is to use as organic amendment in agricultural soils. In the municipality of Puebla, Mexico generated 200 t d-1 of biosolids used in rural agricultural soils in rural areas. The effects caused to the soil and the environment have been studied. The effects socioeconomics produced to farmers and their families, is an unexplored area. A survey was conducted among farmers in the town of La Paz Tlaxcolpan, Puebla, applying bio-solids on their land. The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the economic and social benefits they receive from using biosolids. There is an increase in yields ranging from 25% to 400%. The economic and social benefits are minimal.

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Most cited references 31

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Trace elements mean elements present at low concentrations (mg kg-1 or less) in agroecosystems. Some trace elements, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and boron (B) are essential to plant growth and are called micronutrients. Except for B, these elements are also heavy metals, and are toxic to plants at high concentrations. Some trace elements, such as cobalt (Co) and selenium (Se), are not essential to plant growth but are required by animals and human beings. Other trace elements such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) have toxic effects on living organisms and are often considered as contaminants. Trace elements in an agroecosystem are either inherited from soil parent materials or inputs through human activities. Soil contamination with heavy metals and toxic elements due to parent materials or point sources often occurs in a limited area and is easy to identify. Repeated use of metal-enriched chemicals, fertilizers, and organic amendments such as sewage sludge as well as wastewater may cause contamination at a large scale. A good example is the increased concentration of Cu and Zn in soils under long-term production of citrus and other fruit crops. Many chemical processes are involved in the transformation of trace elements in soils, but precipitation-dissolution, adsorption-desorption, and complexation are the most important processes controlling bioavailability and mobility of trace elements in soils. Both deficiency and toxicity of trace elements occur in agroecosystems. Application of trace elements in fertilizers is effective in correcting micronutrient deficiencies for crop production, whereas remediation of soils contaminated with metals is still costly and difficult although phytoremediation appears promising as a cost-effective approach. Soil microorganisms are the first living organisms subjected to the impacts of metal contamination. Being responsive and sensitive, changes in microbial biomass, activity, and community structure as a result of increased metal concentration in soil may be used as indicators of soil contamination or soil environmental quality. Future research needs to focus on the balance of trace elements in an agroecosystem, elaboration of soil chemical and biochemical parameters that can be used to diagnose soil contamination with or deficiency in trace elements, and quantification of trace metal transport from an agroecosystem to the environment.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): estsoc

Title: Estudios sociales (Hermosillo, Son.)

Abbreviated Title: Estud. soc

Publisher: Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico )

ISSN (Print): 0188-4557

Publication date (Print and electronic): June 2014

Volume: 22

Issue: 43

Pages: 61-86

Affiliations

[02] orgnameColegio de Postgraduados orgdiv1Campus Puebla

[01] orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Puebla egonz1962@ 123456yahoo.com.mx

Article

Publisher ID: S0188-45572014000100003 Publisher ID: S0188-4557(14)02204300003

SO-VID: 085b516e-935a-4f0f-a5ad-4c3c1dbb11f4

License:

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

History

Date accepted : May 2013

Date received : November 2012

Page count

Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 26

Product

SciELO Mexico

Biosólidos en la producción de maíz: impacto socioeconómico en zonas rurales del municipio de Puebla Translated title: Biosolids in maize production: Socioeconomic impact on rural areas of the municipality of Puebla

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