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      Swarming Motility Without Flagellar Motor Switching by Reversal of Swimming Direction in E. coli

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          Abstract

          In a crowded environment such as a bacterial swarm, cells frequently got jammed and came to a stop, but were able to escape the traps by backing up in their moving course with a head-to-tail change (a reversal). Reversals are essential for the expansion of a bacterial swarm. Reversal for a wildtype cell usually involved polymorphic transformation of the flagellar filaments induced by directional switching of the flagellar motors. Here we discovered a new way of reversal in cells without motor switching and characterized its mechanisms. We further found that this type of reversal was not limited to swarmer cells, but also occurred for cells grown in a bulk solution. Therefore, reversal was a general way of escaping when cells got jammed in their natural complex habitats. The new way of reversal we discovered here offered a general strategy for cells to escape traps and explore their environment.

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          Most cited references45

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          Swimming in circles: motion of bacteria near solid boundaries.

          Near a solid boundary, Escherichia coli swims in clockwise circular motion. We provide a hydrodynamic model for this behavior. We show that circular trajectories are natural consequences of force-free and torque-free swimming and the hydrodynamic interactions with the boundary, which also leads to a hydrodynamic trapping of the cells close to the surface. We compare the results of the model with experimental data and obtain reasonable agreement. In particular, the radius of curvature of the trajectory is observed to increase with the length of the bacterium body.
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            How bacterial pathogens colonize their hosts and invade deeper tissues.

            Bacterial pathogens have evolved a wide range of strategies to colonize and invade human organs, despite the presence of multiple host defense mechanisms. In this review, we will describe how pathogenic bacteria can adhere and multiply at the surface of host cells, how some bacteria can enter and proliferate inside these cells, and finally how pathogens may cross epithelial or endothelial host barriers and get access to internal tissues, leading to severe diseases in humans.
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              Bacteria swim by rotating their flagellar filaments.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Microbiol
                Front Microbiol
                Front. Microbiol.
                Frontiers in Microbiology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-302X
                21 May 2020
                2020
                : 11
                : 1042
                Affiliations
                Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Biswarup Mukhopadhyay, Virginia Tech, United States

                Reviewed by: Sima Setayeshgar, Indiana University Bloomington, United States; Michio Homma, Nagoya University, Japan

                *Correspondence: Rongjing Zhang, rjzhang@ 123456ustc.edu.cn

                These authors have contributed equally to this work

                This article was submitted to Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology

                Article
                10.3389/fmicb.2020.01042
                7326100
                32670212
                086afed6-a8fe-4c4c-954e-a42e7fb7f26a
                Copyright © 2020 Wu, He, Zhang and Yuan.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 21 November 2019
                : 27 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 11, Words: 0
                Categories
                Microbiology
                Original Research

                Microbiology & Virology
                swarming,bacterial flagellar motor,bacterial motility,surface effect,run and tumble

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