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      Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia

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          Abstract

          Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age‐related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.

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          Ethical guidelines for publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle : update 2019

          Stephan von Haehling, John E. Morley, Andrew Coats … (2019)
          Abstract This article details an updated version of the principles of ethical authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) and its two daughter journals JCSM Rapid Communication and JCSM Clinical Reports. We request of all author sending to the journal a paper for consideration that at the time of submission to JCSM, the corresponding author, on behalf of all co‐authors, needs to certify adherence to these principles. The principles are as follows: all authors listed on a manuscript considered for publication have approved its submission and (if accepted) approve publication in JCSM as provided; each named author has made a material and independent contribution to the work submitted for publication; no person who has a right to be recognized as author has been omitted from the list of authors on the submitted manuscript; the submitted work is original and is neither under consideration elsewhere nor that it has been published previously in whole or in part other than in abstract form; all authors certify that the submitted work is original and does not contain excessive overlap with prior or contemporaneous publication elsewhere, and where the publication reports on cohorts, trials, or data that have been reported on before the facts need to be acknowledged and these other publications must be referenced; all original research work has been approved by the relevant bodies such as institutional review boards or ethics committees; all relevant conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, that may affect the authors' ability to present data objectively, and relevant sources of funding of the research in question have been duly declared in the manuscript; the manuscript in its published form will be maintained on the servers of JCSM as a valid publication only as long as all statements in the guidelines on ethical publishing remain true. If any of the aforementioned statements ceases to be true, the authors have a duty to notify as soon as possible the Editors of JCSM, JCSM Rapid Communication, and JCSM Clinical Reports, respectively, so that the available information regarding the published article can be updated and/or the manuscript can be withdrawn.
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            Use of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer.

            J. Bauer, S Capra, M. Ferguson (2002)
            To evaluate the use of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer. An observational study assessing the nutritional status of patients with cancer. Oncology ward of a private tertiary Australian hospital. Seventy-one cancer patients aged 18-92 y. Scored PG-SGA questionnaire, comparison of scored PG-SGA with subjective global assessment (SGA), sensitivity, specificity. Some 24% (17) of 71 patients were well nourished, 59% (42) of patients were moderately or suspected of being malnourished and 17% (12) of patients were severely malnourished according to subjective global assessment (SGA). The PG-SGA score had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 82% at predicting SGA classification. There was a significant difference in the median PG-SGA scores for each of the SGA classifications (P<0.001), with the severely malnourished patients having the highest scores. Re-admission within 30 days of discharge was significantly different between SGA groups (P=0.037). The mortality rate within 30 days of discharge was not significantly different between SGA groups (P=0.305). The median length of stay of well nourished patients (SGA A) was significantly lower than that of the malnourished (SGA B+C) patients (P=0.024). The scored PG-SGA is an easy to use nutrition assessment tool that allows quick identification and prioritisation of malnutrition in hospitalised patients with cancer.
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              Cachexia in cancer patients.

              Michael Tisdale (2002)
              Article 0 comments Cited 258 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Rui Medeiros:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-8373
                ruimedei@ipoporto.min-saude.pt
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1007/13539.2190-6009
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCSM
                Title: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 2190-5991
                ISSN (Electronic): 2190-6009
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 March 2020
                Publication date (Print): June 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 3 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcsm.v11.3 )
                Pages: 619-635
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI‐IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
                [ 2 ] Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) Porto Portugal
                [ 3 ] Palliative Care Service Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
                [ 4 ] Center for the Research and Technology of Agro‐Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) University of Trás‐os‐Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD) Vila Real Portugal
                [ 5 ] Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD) and Tumour Biobank Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA) São Luís Brazil
                [ 6 ] Virology Service Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) Porto Portugal
                [ 7 ] Biomedical Research Center (CEBIMED) Faculty of Health Sciences of the Fernando Pessoa University Porto Portugal
                [ 8 ] Research Department Portuguese League Against Cancer ‐ Regional Nucleus of the North (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro – Núcleo Regional do Norte) Porto Portugal
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Correspondence to: Rui Medeiros, Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral – CI‐IPOP, Edifício dos Laboratórios, Piso 4, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, EPE, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200‐072 Porto, Portugal. Email: ruimedei@ 123456ipoporto.min-saude.pt
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2030-6368
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-524X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-2449
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-8373
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCSM12528 Other ID: JCSM-D-19-00274
                DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12528
                PMC ID: 7296264
                PubMed ID: 32142217
                SO-VID: 087e01ed-3b6b-47b5-bf4c-16f1fabeda35
                Copyright © © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 19 June 2019
                Date revision received : 07 November 2019
                Date accepted : 21 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 1, Pages: 17, Words: 6998
                Funding
                Funded by: FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
                Award ID: SFRH/BD/135871/2018
                Funded by: Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto
                Award ID: PI127‐CI‐IPOP‐118‐2019
                Funded by: Portuguese League Against Cancer – Regional Nucleus of the North
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Subject: Reviews
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date June 2020
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.4 mode:remove_FC converted:16.06.2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: cachexia,sarcopenia,anorexia,asthenia,muscle wasting,cancer
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Orthopedics
                Keywords: cachexia, sarcopenia, anorexia, asthenia, muscle wasting, cancer

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