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      Fatores ecológicos associados à colonização e ao desenvolvimento de macrófitas aquáticas e desafios de manejo Translated title: Ecological factors associated to aquatic macrophyte colonization and growth and management challenges

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          Abstract

          As macrófitas constituem-se em uma importante assembléia de ecossistemas aquáticos continentais, mas seu crescimento excessivo pode provocar danos aos usos múltiplos de alguns ambientes. Durante o processo de sucessão ecológica, a maioria dos ecossistemas aquáticos é colonizada, em diferentes graus, pela vegetação aquática. No entanto, explosões populacionais são usualmente decorrentes de ações antrópicas, como introduções de espécies exóticas e alterações de habitats. O conhecimento da ecologia e biologia das espécies de macrófitas que colonizam ecossistemas tropicais ainda é escasso. Entretanto, esse conhecimento é fundamental para a predição do desenvolvimento da vegetação aquática e para subsidiar as medidas de manejo, quando estas forem necessárias. Os métodos de controle e manejo são eficazes em pequenos ambientes e sua aplicação pode ser acompanhada por uma série de impactos ecológicos, nem sempre avaliados apropriadamente. O desenvolvimento de métodos com reduzidos impactos ambientais e que sejam eficientes em grandes ecossistemas é um desafio. Deve-se ainda considerar que, embora em algumas situações o manejo seja necessário no sentido de reduzir uma parcela das populações de macrófitas, em outras ele deveria ser utilizado para estimular a colonização e o incremento desta vegetação.

          Translated abstract

          The aquatic macrophytes have been considered an important community in freshwater ecosystems. However, their excessive colonization and growth usually cause serious impacts on multiple use of these ecosystems. Most aquatic environments are colonized at different degrees by aquatic plants in some phase of ecological succession. Nevertheless, massive growth is usually associated with anthropogenic actions such as introduction of alien species and habitats of alterations. Knowledge about ecology and biology of the species that colonize tropical ecosystems is still scarce. This knowledge is fundamental to predict the development of aquatic vegetation and to subside its management, whenever necessary. The methods of control and management are efficient only in small ecosystems and their application is usually followed by several ecological impacts, not always well assessed. In general, the development of methods with reduced impacts and efficient in large ecosystems is a challenge. It is still important to consider that, although in some situations, management is necessary to reduce macrophyte populations, in others it should be used to stimulate the colonization and development of aquatic vegetation.

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          Most cited references59

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          Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes.

          The turbidity of lakes is generally considered to be a smooth function of their nutrient status. However, recent results suggest that over a range of nutrient concentrations, shallow lakes can have two alternative equilibria: a clear state dominated by aquatic vegetation, and a turbid state characterized by high algal biomass. This bi-stability has important implications for the possibilities of restoring eutrophied shallow lakes. Nutrient reduction alone may have little impact on water clarity, but an ecosystem disturbance like foodweb manipulation can bring the lake back to a stable clear state. We discuss the reasons why alternative equilibria are theoretically expected in shallow lakes, review evidence from the field and evaluate recent applications of this insight in lake management. Copyright © 1993. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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            Fundamentos de limnología

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              Influence of submerged macrophytes on sediment composition and near‐bed flow in lowland streams

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pd
                Planta Daninha
                Planta daninha
                Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas (Viçosa )
                1806-9681
                2002
                : 20
                : spe
                : 21-33
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brazil
                Article
                S0100-83582002000400003
                10.1590/S0100-83582002000400003
                08908a15-55ad-4c11-81bb-a119bc1e47c9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-8358&lng=en
                Categories
                PLANT SCIENCES

                Plant science & Botany
                aquatic ecosystems,reservoirs,limiting factors,ecological succession,ecossistemas aquáticos,reservatórios,fatores limitantes,sucessão ecológica

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