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      Toxicidad hepática recurrente secundaria a metilprednisolona intravenosa Translated title: Recurrent acute liver toxicity from intravenous methyprednisolone

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          Abstract

          Las reacciones adversas hepáticas relacionadas con la administración de fármacos (hepatotoxicidad) son cuadros relativamente frecuentes que presentan una amplia variabilidad clínica e histológica. La identificación precoz de estos cuadros es fundamental en la práctica clínica debido a su potencial gravedad. En la mayoría de los casos la suspensión del fármaco desencadenante es suficiente para la resolución del cuadro clínico. A pesar de que los esteroides son utilizados en una amplia variedad de situaciones clínicas, la notificación de cuadros de hepatotoxicidad secundaria a esteroides intravenosos es excepcional. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer diagnosticada de esclerosis múltiple, que recibió metilprednisolona a altas dosis en forma de "pulsos" intravenosos como tratamiento de las reagudizaciones de su enfermedad y presentó 3 brotes recurrentes de hepatitis de predominio hepatocelular con un patrón clínico, analítico e histológico compatible con toxicidad hepática aguda secundaria a metilprednisolona intravenosa. En el tercer episodio se realizó una biopsia hepática que demostró un patrón de hepatitis aguda con necrosis líticas confluentes, histología no descrita previamente en pacientes tratados con esteroides intravenosos.

          Translated abstract

          Adverse drug reactions (hepatotoxicity) are a frequent cause of acute liver injury with a wide clinical and histological spectrum. An early recognition of drug-related liver disease has been considered essential in clinical practice due to potential risks. In most cases exposure discontinuation improves the clinical picture. Steroids are used in a variety of clinical settings. However, intravenous steroids have rarely been associated with hepatotoxicity. We report the case of a middle-aged woman with multiple sclerosis who received a bolus of methylprednisolone on three occasions for the management of relapsing disease, with the development of repeated episodes of elevated liver enzymes after corticoid administration. In the third episode a liver biopsy was performed, which showed acute hepatitis with bridging necrosis; such histological picture has not been described before in patients treated with intravenous steroids.

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          Most cited references40

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          Drug-induced liver injury: an analysis of 461 incidences submitted to the Spanish registry over a 10-year period.

          Progress in the understanding of susceptibility factors to drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and outcome predictability are hampered by the lack of systematic programs to detect bona fide cases. A cooperative network was created in 1994 in Spain to identify all suspicions of DILI following a prospective structured report form. The liver damage was characterized according to hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed laboratory criteria and to histologic criteria when available. Further evaluation of causality assessment was centrally performed. Since April 1994 to August 2004, 461 out of 570 submitted cases, involving 505 drugs, were deemed to be related to DILI. The antiinfective group of drugs was the more frequently incriminated, amoxicillin-clavulanate accounting for the 12.8% of the whole series. The hepatocellular pattern of damage was the most common (58%), was inversely correlated with age (P < .0001), and had the worst outcome (Cox regression, P < .034). Indeed, the incidence of liver transplantation and death in this group was 11.7% if patients had jaundice at presentation, whereas the corresponding figure was 3.8% in nonjaundiced patients (P < .04). Factors associated with the development of fulminant hepatic failure were female sex (OR = 25; 95% CI: 4.1-151; P < .0001), hepatocellular damage (OR = 7.9; 95% CI: 1.6-37; P < .009), and higher baseline plasma bilirubin value (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.22; P < .0001). Patients with drug-induced hepatocellular jaundice have 11.7% chance of progressing to death or transplantation. Amoxicillin-clavulanate stands out as the most common drug related to DILI.
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            Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study.

            The incidence of hepatic adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains unknown in the general population. The goal of this population-based study was to assess the incidence and seriousness of hepatic ADRs. All new cases of symptomatic drug-induced hepatic injuries were collected by 139 trained physicians (general practitioners [GPs] and specialists) between November 1997 and November 2000 in an area containing 81,301 inhabitants who could not go elsewhere for medical care. Over 3 years, 34 cases of hepatic ADRs were collected, 82% of them in outpatients. Global crude annual incidence rate was 13.9 +/- 2.4 per 100,000 inhabitants; corresponding standardized annual global rate was 8.1 +/- 1.5. There was no difference between urban and rural areas. Standardized incidence female/male ratio was 0.86 (0.26-2.90) until 49 years of age and 2.62 (1.00-6.92) after this age. Diagnosis was carried out by GPs in half of the cases. The outcome was recovery for 32 patients and death for 2. The main drugs implicated were anti-infectious, psychotropic, hypolipidemic agents, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our results suggest that the number of hepatic ADRs in the French population would be 16 times greater than the number noted by spontaneous reporting to French regulatory authorities. In conclusion, the incidence and seriousness of drug-induced hepatitis are largely underestimated in the general population. These results may be useful for further evaluation of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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              Development and validation of a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced hepatitis.

              The objective of this study is to present and validate a clinical scale for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Five components were selected to be included in the scale: temporal relationship between drug intake and the onset of clinical picture, exclusion of alternative causes, extrahepatic manifestations, rechallenge or accidental re-exposure, and previous report in medical literature. The relative importance of each component was weighed, and arbitrary scores were attributed. The probability of the diagnosis of DILI was expressed as a final score, which could vary from -6 to 20. Content validity, criterion validity, construct validity, and inter-rater reliability were studied. To analyze validity and reliability, a random sample of 50 cases of suspected DILI was drawn from a series of 120 cases reported to our unit. The classification of the 50 cases by three experts in DILI was used as the external standard in the study of criterion validity. Agreement between the scale and the standard, and agreement between two independent raters (inter-rater reliability) was analyzed by weighted kappa coefficient. There was agreement between the scale and the standard in 42 cases (84%) with a weighted kappa coefficient of 0.90. A good discriminatory capacity of the scale was found when construct validity was studied. Agreement between raters was observed in 86% of the cases, corresponding to the weighted kappa of 0.93. In conclusion, the clinical scale was shown to have a high-level of validity and inter-rater reliability as well as a good discriminatory capacity between different levels of probability. These data suggest that the scale is suitable for use in clinical practice and may contribute to overcome the difficulties in the process of causality assessment in DILI.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                diges
                Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
                Rev. esp. enferm. dig.
                Sociedad Española de Patología Digestiva (Madrid )
                1130-0108
                November 2008
                : 100
                : 11
                : 720-723
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Ramón y Cajal Spain
                [2 ] Hospital Ramón y Cajal Spain
                Article
                S1130-01082008001100010
                10.4321/s1130-01082008001100010
                08a2ce07-920f-4063-903e-efd9a6e0720f

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY

                Gastroenterology & Hepatology
                Methylprednisolone,Hepatotoxicity,Multiple sclerosis,Metilprednisolona,Hepatotoxicidad,Esclerosis múltiple

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