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      Cambios anatómicos inducidos por la salinidad en raíces de dos genotipos de caña de azúcar (SACCHARUM SP., Poaceae)

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar características estructurales de la raíz asociadas con tolerancia salina en dos genotipos de caña de azúcar. Plantas de ‘PR692176’ (genotipo tolerante) y ‘V78-1’ (genotipo sensible) fueron estresadas con NaCl o Na2SO4. Se fijaron y seccionaron segmentos a 10 y 50 mm del ápice radical, los cuales se estudiaron por microscopía óptica y de fluorescencia. Los cambios más evidentes fueron: iniciación precoz de raíces laterales, diferenciación temprana y desarrollo más conspicuo de la banda de Caspary en exodermis y endodermis, y deposición de suberina en células del parénquima cortical. En ‘PR692176’ se observó mayor número de vacuolas por célula en el parénquima que en ‘V78-1’, lo que indica mejor capacidad para retener sales en las raíces del genotipo tolerante.

          Translated abstract

          Salt-induced changes in roots of two sugar cane (Saccharum sp., Poaceae) genotypes

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          Most cited references60

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          Alkali grass resists salt stress through high [K+] and an endodermis barrier to Na+.

          Gui-Cheng Tang, Wei-Jhih Su, Fang Zhu … (2004)
          In order to understand the salt-tolerance mechanism of alkali grass (Puccinellia tenuiflora) compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), [K(+)] and [Na(+)] in roots and shoots in response to salt treatments were examined with ion element analysis and X-ray microanalysis. Both the rapid K(+) and Na(+) influx in response to different NaCl and KCl treatments, and the accumulation of K(+) and Na(+) as the plants acclimated to long-term stress were studied in culture- solution experiments. A higher K(+) uptake under normal and saline conditions was evident in alkali grass compared with that in wheat, and electrophysiological analyses indicated that the different uptake probably resulted from the higher K(+)/Na(+) selectivity of the plasma membrane. When external [K(+)] was high, K(+) uptake and transport from roots to shoots were inhibited by exogenous Cs(+), while TEA (tetraethylammonium) only inhibited K(+) transport from the root to the shoot. K(+) uptake was not influenced by Cs(+) when plants were K(+) starved. It was shown by X-ray microanalysis that high [K(+)] and low [Na(+)] existed in the endodermal cells of alkali grass roots, suggesting this to be the tissue where Cs(+) inhibition occurs. These results suggest that the K(+)/Na(+) selectivity of potassium channels and the existence of an apoplastic barrier, the Casparian bands of the endodermis, lead to the lateral gradient of K(+) and Na(+) across root tissue, resulting not only in high levels of [K(+)] in the shoot but also a large [Na(+)] gradient between the root and the shoot.
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            Growth, Water Relations, and Accumulation of Organic and Inorganic Solutes in Roots of Maize Seedlings during Salt Stress.

            J. Roberts, Katherine W Jordan, Patricio H Rodriguez … (1997)
            Seedlings of maize (Zea mays L. cv Pioneer 3906), hydroponically grown in the dark, were exposed to NaCl either gradually (salt acclimation) or in one step (salt shock). In the salt-acclimation treatment, root extension was indistinguishable from that of unsalinized controls for at least 6 d at concentrations up to 100 mM NaCl. By contrast, salt shock rapidly inhibited extension, followed by a gradual recovery, so that by 24 h extension rates were the same as for controls, even at 150 mM NaCl. Salt shock caused a rapid decrease in root water and solute potentials for the apical zones, and the estimated turgor potential showed only a small decline; similar but more gradual changes occurred with salt acclimation. The 5-bar decrease in root solute potential with salt shock (150 mM NaCl) during the initial 10 min of exposure could not be accounted for by dehydration, indicating that substantial osmotic adjustment occurred rapidly. Changes in concentration of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, and Cl-) and organic solutes (proline, sucrose, fructose, and glucose) were measured during salt shock. The contribution of these solutes to changes in root solute potential with salinization was estimated.
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              The water status of the roots of soil-grown maize in relation to the maturity of their xylem

              X-L Wang, M J Canny, M. McCully (1991)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marina GARCÍA: Role: ND
                Ernesto MEDINA: Role: ND
                Damelis JÁUREGUI: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): abv
                Title: Acta Botánica Venezuelica
                Abbreviated Title: Acta Bot. Venez.
                Publisher: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela Dr. Tobías Lasser (Caracas )
                ISSN: 0084-5906
                Publication date (Print): June 2011
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 177-198
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Central de Venezuela Venezuela
                [2 ] Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Venezuela
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0084-59062011000100008
                SO-VID: 08a71b46-43d8-4657-8dfc-b310adb11293
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0084-5906&lng=en
                Categories
                Subject: PLANT SCIENCES

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: tolerancia a sales,Na2SO4,NaCl,root anatomy,salt tolerance,sugar cane,Anatomía radical,caña de azúcar
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Plant science & Botany
                Keywords: tolerancia a sales, Na2SO4, NaCl, root anatomy, salt tolerance, sugar cane, Anatomía radical, caña de azúcar

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