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      Genetic effects from an Afrikaner, Bonsmara, and Nguni three-breed diallel and top-crosses of Angus and Simmental sires

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          Abstract

          Individual and maternal breed additive effects and heterosis exist for most economically important traits in cattle. Crossbreeding may therefore be valuable for emerging and commercial beef farmers in improving the productivity of their herds. Calves were produced by mating Afrikaner, Bonsmara and Nguni cows to Afrikaner, Bonsmara, Nguni, Angus and Simmental bulls. The cows used were from Vaalharts Research Station or were purchased from other herds. Data were collected over three years. Individual and maternal additive effects and individual heterosis were estimated simultaneously as continuous linear variates. The estimated genetic effects were then used to predict production levels that may be achieved through implementation of top-cross, two-breed rotation, and terminal sire crossbreeding systems. The individual estimates of the genetic effects were relatively small and in most cases were not different from zero, with the exception of the maternal additive effects of Nguni on preweaning traits and their individual additive effect on cow weight, which were less than those of Bonsmara. However, the alternative crossbreeding systems differed across traits. The straight-bred breeding system was least efficient, followed by the crisscross system (+2%) and the terminal sire system that utilized Simmental (+4%), with the terminal sire system utilizing Angus being on average most efficient (+8%). The inter-generational genetic differences in cow weight that resulted from the use of different breeds of sire increased its standard deviation by 5 to 6% in rotational crossing. Despite the relatively small magnitude of the genetic effects, advantages of crossbreeding systems became evident.

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          Variance components due to direct and maternal effects for growth traits of Australian beef cattle

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            Insight into the genetic composition of South African Sanga cattle using SNP data from cattle breeds worldwide

            Background Understanding the history of cattle breeds is important because it provides the basis for developing appropriate selection and breed improvement programs. In this study, patterns of ancestry and admixture in Afrikaner, Nguni, Drakensberger and Bonsmara cattle of South Africa were investigated. We used 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes that were previously generated for the Afrikaner (n = 36), Nguni (n = 50), Drakensberger (n = 47) and Bonsmara (n = 44) breeds, and for 394 reference animals representing European taurine, African taurine, African zebu and Bos indicus. Results and discussion Our findings support previous conclusions that Sanga cattle breeds are composites between African taurine and Bos indicus. Among these breeds, the Afrikaner breed has significantly diverged from its ancestral forebears, probably due to genetic drift and selection to meet breeding objectives of the breed society that enable registration. The Nguni, Drakensberger and Bonsmara breeds are admixed, perhaps unintentionally in the case of Nguni and Drakensberger, but certainly by design in the case of Bonsmara, which was developed through crossbreeding between the Afrikaner, Hereford and Shorthorn breeds. Conclusions We established patterns of admixture and ancestry for South African Sanga cattle breeds, which provide a basis for developing appropriate strategies for their genetic improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0266-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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              Experimental approaches to utilizing breed resources

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sajas
                South African Journal of Animal Science
                S. Afr. j. anim. sci.
                The South African Society for Animal Science (SASAS) (Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa )
                0375-1589
                2221-4062
                2020
                : 50
                : 3
                : 366-377
                Affiliations
                [01] Irene orgnameAnimal Production Institute orgdiv1Agricultural Research Council South Africa
                [03] Jan Kempdorp orgnameNorthern Cape Department of Agricultural, Land Reform and Rural Development South Africa
                [02] Bloemfontein orgnameUniversity of the Free State orgdiv1Department of Animal, Wildlife and Grassland Sciences South Africa
                [04] Miles City orgnameDelta G USA
                Article
                S0375-15892020000300003 S0375-1589(20)05000300003
                10.4314/sajas.v50i3.3
                09368d6f-6f80-4cc7-95e9-6d75028021c6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2019
                : 19 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 58, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO South Africa

                Categories
                Articles

                post-weaning,breed additive,heterosis,crossbreeding,pre-weaning

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