Manejo del Niño Inmigrante: Calendario Vacunal

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Abstract

En Castilla-La Mancha la población extranjera se ha multiplicado en el último quinquenio. La progresión de la incorporación de inmigrantes ha sido muy rápida en los últimos años, con incremento más acusado a partir del año 2001. Los inmigrantes proceden a menudo de comunidades socioeconómicas deprimidas, siendo la población infantil la más vulnerable. Existe una alta probabilidad de que estos niños estén incorrectamente vacunados y, por lo tanto, expuestos a agentes infecciosos a los que la población autóctona es inmune. En estas situaciones, debemos realizar una valoración médica inicial y una adecuada supervisión del estado vacunal, para administrar las vacunas mediante pautas aceleradas y conseguir una actualización de su carnet de vacunación de acuerdo con el calendario de inmunizaciones de nuestra comunidad autónoma. Para elaborar este trabajo se han consultado guías de atención al inmigrante de varias comunidades autónomas de nuestro país, las recomendaciones americanas del comité de inmunizaciones y, sobre todo, se han tenido en cuenta las recomendaciones del Comité Asesor de Vacunas (CAV) de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (AEP) de 2008.

Translated abstract

The immigrant population in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain has multiplied in the last five years. The incorporation of immigrants has progressed very rapidly in the last few years with the greatest increase being in 2001. The immigrants often come from depressed socio-economic communities and the child population is the most vulnerable. There is a high probability that these children have not been adequately vaccinated and, therefore, are exposed to infectious agents to which the indigenous population is immune. For these children, we should perform an initial medical assessment and a review of their vaccine status in order to administer vaccines in an accelerated regimen. Thus bringing their vaccination record card up to date with the immunization calendar in our autonomous community. In order to carry out this work we have consulted guidelines on immigrant care in several autonomous communities in Spain, the American recommendations of the immunization committee and, in particular, the 2008 recommendations of the Vaccine Assessment Committee (CAV) and the Spanish Paediatric Society (AEP) have been taken into account.

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Most cited references 18

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General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

T. Kröger, , L Pickering … (2006)

This report is a revision of General Recommendations on Immunization and updates the 2002 statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (CDC. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Family Physicians. MMWR 2002;51[No. RR-2]). This report is intended to serve as a general reference on vaccines and immunization. The principal changes include 1) expansion of the discussion of vaccination spacing and timing; 2) an increased emphasis on the importance of injection technique/age/body mass in determining appropriate needle length; 3) expansion of the discussion of storage and handling of vaccines, with a table defining the appropriate storage temperature range for inactivated and live vaccines; 4) expansion of the discussion of altered immunocompetence, including new recommendations about use of live-attenuated vaccines with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies; and 5) minor changes to the recommendations about vaccination during pregnancy and vaccination of internationally adopted children, in accordance with new ACIP vaccine-specific recommendations for use of inactivated influenza vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine. The most recent ACIP recommendations for each specific vaccine should be consulted for comprehensive discussion. This report, ACIP recommendations for each vaccine, and other information about vaccination can be accessed at CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (proposed) (formerly known as the National Immunization Program) website at http//:www.cdc.gov/nip.