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      Long-term dynamics of CA1 hippocampal place codes

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          Abstract

          Via Ca 2+-imaging in freely behaving mice that repeatedly explored a familiar environment, we tracked thousands of CA1 pyramidal cells' place fields over weeks. Place coding was dynamic, for each day the ensemble representation of this environment involved a unique subset of cells. Yet, cells within the ∼15–25% overlap between any two of these subsets retained the same place fields, which sufficed to preserve an accurate spatial representation across weeks.

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          Large-scale recording of neuronal ensembles.

          György Buzsáki (2004)
          How does the brain orchestrate perceptions, thoughts and actions from the spiking activity of its neurons? Early single-neuron recording research treated spike pattern variability as noise that needed to be averaged out to reveal the brain's representation of invariant input. Another view is that variability of spikes is centrally coordinated and that this brain-generated ensemble pattern in cortical structures is itself a potential source of cognition. Large-scale recordings from neuronal ensembles now offer the opportunity to test these competing theoretical frameworks. Currently, wire and micro-machined silicon electrode arrays can record from large numbers of neurons and monitor local neural circuits at work. Achieving the full potential of massively parallel neuronal recordings, however, will require further development of the neuron-electrode interface, automated and efficient spike-sorting algorithms for effective isolation and identification of single neurons, and new mathematical insights for the analysis of network properties.
          Article 0 comments Cited 430 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Functional imaging of hippocampal place cells at cellular resolution during virtual navigation

            Daniel A. Dombeck, Christopher D. Harvey, Lin Tian … (2010)
            Spatial navigation is a widely employed behavior in rodent studies of neuronal circuits underlying cognition, learning and memory. In vivo microscopy combined with genetically-encoded indicators provides important new tools to study neuronal circuits, but has been technically difficult to apply during navigation. We describe methods to image the activity of hippocampal CA1 neurons with sub-cellular resolution in behaving mice. Neurons expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP3 were imaged through a chronic hippocampal window. Head-fixed mice performed spatial behaviors within a setup combining a virtual reality system and a custom built two-photon microscope. Populations of place cells were optically identified, and the correlation between the location of their place fields in the virtual environment and their anatomical location in the local circuit was measured. The combination of virtual reality and high-resolution functional imaging should allow for a new generation of studies to probe neuronal circuit dynamics during behavior.
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              Automated analysis of cellular signals from large-scale calcium imaging data.

              Eran Mukamel, Axel Nimmerjahn, Mark J. Schnitzer (2009)
              Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit studies of Ca(2+) dynamics in large numbers of cells, in anesthetized and awake behaving animals. However, unlike for electrophysiological signals, standardized algorithms for assigning optically recorded signals to individual cells have not yet emerged. Here, we describe an automated sorting procedure that combines independent component analysis and image segmentation for extracting cells' locations and their dynamics with minimal human supervision. In validation studies using simulated data, automated sorting significantly improved estimation of cellular signals compared to conventional analysis based on image regions of interest. We used automated procedures to analyze data recorded by two-photon Ca(2+) imaging in the cerebellar vermis of awake behaving mice. Our analysis yielded simultaneous Ca(2+) activity traces for up to >100 Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia from single recordings. Using this approach, we found microzones of Purkinje cells that were stable across behavioral states and in which synchronous Ca(2+) spiking rose significantly during locomotion.
              Article 0 comments Cited 266 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-journal-id): 9809671
                Journal ID (pubmed-jr-id): 21092
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Neurosci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat. Neurosci.
                Title: Nature neuroscience
                ISSN (Print): 1097-6256
                ISSN (Electronic): 1546-1726
                Publication date Nihms-submitted: 11 September 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 February 2013
                Publication date (Print): March 2013
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 September 2013
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 264-266
                Affiliations
                [1 ]James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305
                [2 ]David Packard Electrical Engineering Building, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305
                [3 ]Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305
                [4 ]CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305
                Author notes
                [*]

                Authors contributed equally.

                Article
                Manuscript ID: NIHMS434501
                DOI: 10.1038/nn.3329
                PMC ID: 3784308
                PubMed ID: 23396101
                SO-VID: 095cf525-baa9-4adb-ac2d-16f6f3313f7d
                License:

                Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data- mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: National Institute of Mental Health : NIMH
                Award ID: R21 MH099469 || MH
                Funded by: National Institute on Aging : NIA
                Award ID: R21 AG038771 || AG
                Funded by: Office of the Director : NIH
                Award ID: DP1 OD003560 || OD
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences

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