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      The Clinical Efficacy of Manual Irrigation for the Prevention of Postoperative Bleeding of Transurethral Prostate Resection Translated title: La eficacia clínica de la irrigación manual para la prevención del sangrado posoperatorio de la resección transuretral de próstata

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. We investigated the effects of the local dilution of fibrinolytic agents with manual irrigation on postoperative bleeding after the transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). Materials and methods: Between April 2017 and April 2021, 128 patients were prospectively randomised into two equal groups. Monopolar TUR-P was applied to all patients for benign prostatic hyperplasia, but post procedure manual irrigation was used in group 2 only. Haemoglobin levels were evaluated before and after TUR-P. Intra-op and post operative bleeding, amount of saline used for irrigation, duration of catheterisation and length of hospital stay were noted. The patients were followed up 1 month after the TUR-P. Results: The resected adenoma weight was 12.64 g in group 1 and 13.11 g in group 2. There was no difference between groups 1 and 2 in terms of haemoglobin loss and total blood loss within the first 24 h after TUR-P, which were 0.82 g and 0.95 g (P = 0.443) and 90.45 mL and 67.80 mL (P = 0.102), respectively. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the saline volume used for irrigation (19 vs. 17.3 L), catheter duration and hospital stay (2.6 vs. 2.6 days). Conclusions: We could not show the positive effects of manual irrigation on bleeding complications after TUR-P, though it is a simple and safe-seeming procedure with no specific operative technique.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Se cree que la pérdida de sangre postoperatoria después de la cirugía de próstata está asociada con un aumento en la actividad fibrinolítica urinaria. Investigamos los efectos de la dilución local de fibrinolíticos con irrigación manual sobre el sangrado postoperatorio tras la resección transuretral de próstata (RTU-P). Materiales y métodos: entre abril de 2017 y abril de 2021, 128 pacientes fueron aleatorizados prospectivamente en dos grupos iguales. Se aplicó RTU-P monopolar a todos los pacientes por hiperplasia prostática benigna, pero solo en el grupo 2 se usó irrigación manual posterior al procedimiento. Los niveles de hemoglobina se evaluaron antes y después de la RTU-P. Se registraron el sangrado intraoperatorio y posoperatorio, la cantidad de solución salina utilizada para la irrigación, la duración del cateterismo y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria. Los pacientes fueron seguidos 1 mes después de la RTU-P. Resultados: El peso del adenoma resecado fue de 12,64 g en el grupo 1 y de 13,11 g en el grupo 2. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos 1 y 2 en cuanto a la pérdida de hemoglobina y la pérdida total de sangre dentro de las primeras 24 h después de la RTU-P, que fueron de 0,82. g y 0,95 g (P = 0,443) y 90,45 mL y 67,80 mL (P = 0,102), respectivamente. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el volumen de solución salina utilizada para la irrigación (19 frente a 17,3 l), la duración del catéter y la estancia hospitalaria (2,6 frente a 2,6 días). Conclusiones: No pudimos mostrar los efectos positivos de la irrigación manual sobre las complicaciones hemorrágicas después de la RTU-P, aunque es un procedimiento simple y aparentemente seguro sin una técnica quirúrgica específica.

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          Tranexamic acid in control of primary hemorrhage during transurethral prostatectomy.

          To determine whether short-term treatment of patients about to undergo transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with tranexamic acid (TXA) would be beneficial in reducing the associated blood loss. A prospective and randomized trial was conducted with 136 men requiring TURP for obstructive urinary symptoms. The treatment group received 2 g TXA three times daily on the day of, and first day after, the operation. Short-term TXA treatment significantly reduced the operative blood loss associated with TURP (128 mL versus 250 mL, P = 0.018), and this difference was not a result of the amount of tissue resected between the two groups (16 g versus 16 g, P = 0.415). In addition, TXA treatment reduced the amount of blood loss per gram of resected tissue (8 mL/g versus 13 mL/g, P = 0.020). Furthermore, the volume of irrigating fluid required (15 L versus 18 L, P = 0.004) and operating time (36 minutes versus 48 minutes, P = 0.001) were also reduced. However, TXA treatment did not influence the number of patients requiring a blood transfusion. Six patients in the treatment group (7.2%) and five in the control group (6.8%) required a transfusion (P = 0.709). Moreover, TXA treatment did not affect the duration of catheterization (1 day versus 1 day, P = 0.342) or hospitalization (3 days versus 3 days, P = 0.218). Short-term TXA treatment is effective in reducing the operative blood loss associated with TURP.
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            Transurethral prostate resection and bleeding: a randomized, placebo controlled trial of role of finasteride for decreasing operative blood loss.

            Bleeding associated with transurethral prostate resection can often be significant and lead to increased morbidity and occasionally mortality. It has been shown that finasteride decreases bleeding in patients with hematuria of prostatic origin. We hypothesized that bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection could be decreased by giving finasteride for 2 weeks before surgery. A total 70 patients scheduled to undergo elective transurethral prostate resection were randomized to receive 5 mg. finasteride daily or placebo for 2 weeks before surgery. Serum hemoglobin was measured before and after surgery, and the following day. The volume of irrigation fluid used and its hemoglobin concentration as well as resected prostate weight were recorded. Of the 68 patients who underwent transurethral prostate resection 2 were withdrawn before surgery, and so 32 received finasteride and 36 received placebo. There was significantly less mean blood loss in irrigation fluid in the finasteride group than in the control group (43.6 versus 69.3 gm. hemoglobin, p = 0.011). The mean difference was more significant when blood loss per gm. resected prostate was calculated (2.65 versus 4.65 gm. hemoglobin per gm. prostate, p < 0.01). This study shows that finasteride given for 2 weeks preoperatively decreases bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection. Further study is required to determine the optimal timing and dose duration to minimize blood loss and identify how relevant such a decrease in bleeding is in clinical practice.
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              Tranexamic acid decreases blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR -P)

              Introduction Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. We investigated the effect of TXA on the amount of blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Materials and methods Forty patients with registry numbers ending in even numbers were allocated to the treatment group; those ending in odd numbers were used as controls and received no treatment. The treatment group received 10 mg/kg TXA by intravenous infusion during the first half hour of the operation, while the control group of patients received no medication. Serum hemoglobin was measured before and after surgery. The volume and hemoglobin concentration of the irrigation fluid, resected prostate weight, and duration of resection were recorded. Results The mean loss of hemoglobin per gram of resected prostate tissue was 1.25 g in the TXA group and 2.84 g in the control group. Total hemoglobin loss in the irrigating fluid and hemoglobin loss per 1 gram of prostate tissue was lower in the group of patients given TXA than in the control group (p = 0.018 and p <0.001). Conclusion Reduced bleeding during TURP as a result of TXA treatment may lead to better surgical conditions and, as a consequence, shorter operative times and lower irrigating fluid volumes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijm
                Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine
                Iberoam J Med
                Hospital San Pedro (Logroño, La Rioja, Spain )
                2695-5075
                2695-5075
                2022
                : 4
                : 4
                : 185-190
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Urology Turquía
                [2] orgnameZonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Hospital orgdiv1Department of Urology Turquía
                Article
                S2695-50752022000400003 S2695-5075(22)00400400003
                10.53986/ibjm.2022.0031
                096447ac-620d-43ee-8246-4e14c0df8182

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 August 2022
                : 27 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Article

                Prostatectomía transuretral,Postoperative bleeding,Irrigation,Sangrado posoperatorio,Irrigación,Transurethral prostatectomy

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