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      The securitization of citizenship in a ‘Segregated City’: a reflection on Rio’s Pacifying Police Units Translated title: A securitização da cidadania em uma cidade ‘segregada’: uma reflexão sobre as Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora do Rio de Janeiro

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          Abstract

          The Pacification Police Units – UPPs – implemented in Rio de Janeiro since 2008 have as one of their stated goals the promotion of the integration between the pacified favelas and the ‘formal’ city, aiming to overcome the view of Rio as a ‘divided city’. Intending to problematize the reasoning behind this stated goal in order to question the UPPs’ very foundations, this article examines the political and sociospatial background in which they were introduced. The implementation and operation of the UPPs is outlined in the context of the militarization of Rio’s spaces, and especially of its urban poor regions, within an analysis of what assumptions about favelas and slum residents the UPPs imply. The UPPs are analyzed in dialogue with Giorgio Agamben’s work as a sovereign act of ‘drawing lines of distinction’ between lives worth living and politically worthless ‘Others’. It becomes clear that they are guilty of articulating and reinforcing what Teresa Caldeira has named the ‘talk of crime’, a Manicheistic discourse through which Brazilians articulate and cope with their daily encounter with violence. The disjunctive nature of Brazil’s ‘inclusively inegalitarian’ democracy, as explored by James Holston, is emphasized. Brazil emerges as a post-dictatorial country, in which neoliberal reforms and democratic opening have simultaneously implied an increasingly authoritarian penal state that targets the urban marginalized as its ‘internal enemies’.

          Translated abstract

          As Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora – UPPs – implementadas no Rio de Janeiro desde 2008 têm como um de seus objetivos a promoção da integração entre as favelas e a ‘cidade formal’, superando a segregação da cidade. Com o objetivo de problematizar o raciocínio por trás dessa meta, a fim de questionar os fundamentos das UPPs, o artigo explora o contexto político e socioespacial do Brasil e do Rio de Janeiro no qual foram introduzidas as UPPs. A implantação e operação das UPPs é colocada no contexto da militarização do espaço urbano, principalmente das suas regiões mais pobres, junto com uma análise dos preconceitos sobre favelas e seus moradores articulados pelas UPPs. As UPPs são entendidas em diálogo com a obra de Giorgio Agamben como um ato soberano de "traçar linhas de distinção" entre tipos de vidas que merecem ser vividas e 'outras' construídas como politicamente inúteis. Torna-se claro que as UPPs articulam e reforçam o que Teresa Caldeira chamou de “fala do crime”, um discurso maniqueísta através do qual a população brasileira expressa e lida com seu encontro diário com a violência. A natureza disjuntiva da democracia “inclusiva e desigual” do Brasil, como explica James Holston, é enfatizada. O Brasil aparece como um país pós-ditatorial onde as reformas neoliberais e a abertura democrática causaram a paralela criação de um Estado penal autoritário que tem como alvo o subproletariado urbano.

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          Most cited references53

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          The State of Exception

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                urbe
                urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana
                urbe, Rev. Bras. Gest. Urbana
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Curitiba )
                2175-3369
                August 2015
                : 7
                : 2
                : 182-194
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Aberystwyth University United Kingdom
                Article
                S2175-33692015000200182
                10.1590/2175-3369.007.002.SE03
                098af0f8-11b2-4439-95ea-6af01c47eb19

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2175-3369&lng=en
                Categories
                URBAN STUDIES

                Urban studies
                UPPs,Public security policy,Brazilian democracy,Urban segregation,Política de segurança pública,Democracia brasileira,Segregação urbana

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