10
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Micro-CT evaluation of apical delta morphologies in human teeth

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The apical delta is an intricate system within the root canal and incompletely debridement may affect the long-term prognosis of root canal therapy. The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphologic features of apical deltas in human teeth with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) using a centreline-fitting algorithm. One hundred and thirty-six apical deltas were detected in 1400 teeth. Molars had more apical deltas (15.8%) than anterior teeth (6.3%). In maxillary molars, the mesiobuccal root had a significantly higher prevalence of apical delta than the palatal root or the distobuccal root. The median vertical distance of the apical delta was 1.87 mm with 13% more than 3 mm. The median diameter and length of the apical delta branches were 132.3 and 934.5 μm. Apical delta branches were not straight with cross-sectional shapes being non-circular. These morphological features of apical delta may complicate debridement of the infected root canal system.

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Clinical implications and microbiology of bacterial persistence after treatment procedures.

          Apical periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms colonizing the root canal system. For an optimal outcome of the endodontic treatment to be achieved, bacterial populations within the root canal should be ideally eliminated or at least significantly reduced to levels that are compatible with periradicular tissue healing. If bacteria persist after chemomechanical preparation supplemented or not with an intracanal medication, there is an increased risk of adverse outcome of the endodontic treatment. Therefore, bacterial presence in the root canal at the time of filling has been shown to be a risk factor for posttreatment apical periodontitis. About 100 species/phylotypes have already been detected in postinstrumentation and/or postmedication samples, and gram-positive bacteria are the most dominant. However, it remains to be determined by longitudinal studies if any species/phylotypes persisting after treatment procedures can influence outcome. This review article discusses diverse aspects of bacterial persistence after treatment, including the microbiology, bacterial strategies to persist, the requisites for persisting bacteria to affect the outcome, and future directions of research in this field.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Fate of the tissue in lateral canals and apical ramifications in response to pathologic conditions and treatment procedures.

            This article reviews and reports on the histopathologic and histobacteriologic status of the tissue in lateral canals and apical ramifications (LC/AR) in diverse clinical conditions as well as in response to endodontic treatment. In total, serial sections from 493 human tooth specimens obtained by extraction or apical surgery were screened for the presence of LC/AR. LC/AR were observed in about 75% of the teeth. In clinically vital teeth, vital tissue was consistently found in LC/AR. In teeth with periodontal disease, the whole pulp became necrotic only when the subgingival biofilm reached the main apical foramen. In teeth with pulp exposure by caries, the tissue in LC/AR remained vital as far as the pulp tissue in the main canal did so. When pulp necrosis reached the level of the LC/AR, the tissue therein was either partially or completely necrotic. Chemomechanical preparation partially removed necrotic tissue from the entrance of LC/AR, whereas the adjacent tissue remained inflamed, sometimes infected, and associated with periradicular disease. Vital tissue in LC/AR was not removed by preparation. In cases in which lateral canals appeared radiographically "filled," they were actually not obturated, and the remaining tissue in the ramification was inflamed and enmeshed with the filling material. Overall, the belief that lateral canals must be injected with filling material to enhance treatment outcome was not supported by literature review or by our histopathologic observations. It appears that strategies other than finding a technique that better squeezes sealer or gutta-percha within LC/AR should be pursued to effectively disinfect these regions.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Antibacterial Nanoparticles in Endodontics: A Review.

              A major challenge in root canal treatment is the inability of the current cleaning and shaping procedures to eliminate bacterial biofilms surviving within the anatomic complexities and uninstrumented portions of the root canal system.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group
                2045-2322
                07 November 2016
                2016
                : 6
                : 36501
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University , Wuhan, China
                [2 ]Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA, USA
                [3 ]Department of Restorative Science/Endodontics, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry , Dallas, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                srep36501
                10.1038/srep36501
                5098143
                27819309
                09a0bbaa-6ed5-4d57-950f-0f4d5580fc94
                Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 21 September 2016
                : 17 October 2016
                Categories
                Article

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article