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      Peste des Petits Ruminants Infection among Cattle and Wildlife in Northern Tanzania

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          Abstract

          We investigated peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection in cattle and wildlife in northern Tanzania. No wildlife from protected ecosystems were seropositive. However, cattle from villages where an outbreak had occurred among small ruminants showed high PPR seropositivity, indicating that spillover infection affects cattle. Thus, cattle could be of value for PPR serosurveillance.

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          An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camels in the Sudan.

          Zainab B Abdurrahman, Abdelmalik Khalafalla, Alexander I Saeed … (2010)
          In mid-August 2004, an outbreak of a previously unknown fatal disease of camels was reported to Kassala State veterinary authorities. Several areas in the state were visited during August-October 2004 to collect epidemiological data and specimens for diagnosis. Clinically the disease was characterized by sudden death of apparently healthy animals and yellowish and later bloody diarrhea and abortion. The disease outbreaks coincided with the seasonal movement of animals towards autumn green pasture. Death was always sudden and proceeded with colic and difficulty in respiration. Mortality rate ranged between 0% and 50% and vary in accordance with the area with a mean of 7.4%. More than 80% of deaths were in pregnant and recently-delivered she-camels. All age, sex and breed groups were affected but more than 50% of deaths were reported in adult animals in comparison to calves and young camels. The main post-mortem findings include lung congestion and consolidation, paleness and fragility of liver, enlarged lymph nodes and congestion and hemorrhage of small intestine and stomach. Agar gel diffusion test (AGDT), RT-PCR and virus isolation in cell culture gave positive results for peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a virus belonging to the Morbillivirus, Genus, member of the family Paramyxoviridae. The effect of this new devastating disease on camel production in the affected area was discussed as well as proposals for future research. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Antibody seroprevalences against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in camels, cattle, goats and sheep in Ethiopia.

            Y Laekemariam, G Libeau, Jorge E. Albina … (2005)
            A questionnaire-survey data indicated that 26% of 276 farmers reported the presence of respiratory disease in their herds in 2001. The incidence was perceived as "high" in small ruminants and camels, but as "low" in cattle. Simultaneously, 2815 serum samples from camels (n=628), cattle (n=910), goats (n=442) and sheep (n=835) were tested. The peste des petits ruminants (PPR) antibody seroprevalence was 3% in camels, 9% in cattle, 9% in goats and 13% in sheep. The highest locality-specific seroprevalences were: camels 10%, cattle 16%, goats 22% and sheep 23%. The animals had not been vaccinated against rinderpest or PPR. Antibody seroprevalences detected in camels, cattle, goats and sheep confirmed natural transmission of PPR virus under field conditions.
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              Peste des petits ruminants: a suitable candidate for eradication?

              C Oura, S Parida, David Baron (2011)
              This year will see the final announcement, accompanied by much justifiable celebration, of the eradication from the wild of rinderpest, the 'cattle plague' that has been with us for so many centuries. The only known rinderpest virus (RPV) remaining is in a relatively small number of laboratories around the world, and in the stockpiles of vaccine held on a precautionary basis. As we mark this achievement, only the second virus ever eradicated through human intervention, it seems a good time to look at rinderpest's less famous cousin, peste des petits ruminants ('the plague of small ruminants') and assess if it should, and could, also be targeted for global eradication.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Emerging Infect. Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): December 2013
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 12
                Pages: 2037-2040
                Affiliations
                [1]University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (T. Lembo, S. Cleaveland);
                [2]School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies (C. Oura);
                [3]The Pirbright Institute, Woking, UK (S. Parida, L. Frost, C. Batten);
                [4]Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania ( R. Hoare, R. Fyumagwa);
                [5]Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (F. Kivaria, C. Chubwa);
                [6]The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK (R. Kock).
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Sarah Cleaveland, University of Glasgow, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, UK; email: Sarah.Cleaveland@ 123456glasgow.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 13-0973
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130973
                PMC ID: 3840886
                PubMed ID: 24274684
                SO-VID: 09c9cf4d-2c56-44de-a723-dd2d45dd7aca
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: disease eradication,peste des petits ruminants,viruses,tanzania,serosurveillance,cattle,rinderpest,morbillivirus,wildlife
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: disease eradication, peste des petits ruminants, viruses, tanzania, serosurveillance, cattle, rinderpest, morbillivirus, wildlife

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