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      Oral Health Status and Oral Health–Related Quality of Life of First Nations and Metis Children

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          To assess the oral health status and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young First Nations and Metis children.

          Methods:

          This cross-sectional study assessed the oral health status of Indigenous children <72 mo of age while their parents/caregivers completed a questionnaire, including the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), to assess OHRQoL. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multiple regression. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

          Results:

          Overall, 146 children were recruited with a mean age of 40.1 ± 21.2 (SD) months, and 49% were male. Among First Nations children, 65.4% had early childhood caries (ECC) as compared with 45.2% among Metis children (P = 0.025). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of severe ECC (S-ECC) between First Nations and Metis children (60.6% v. 42.9%, P = 0.051). The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) score was 4.9 ± 5.3 (range 0–20), and the mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) score was 14.5 ± 20.4 (range 0–80). The total mean ECOHIS score was 4.4 ± 5.9 (range 0–25), while the mean Child Impact Section and Family Impact Section scores were 2.6 ± 4.0 (range 0–10) and 1.8 ± 2.8 (range 0–8), respectively. Multiple linear regression showed S-ECC was associated with total mean ECOHIS scores (P = 0.02). Higher total mean ECOHIS scores (which indicates poorer OHRQoL) were observed in children with ECC compared with caries-free children (5.8 v. 2.4, P = 0.0001).

          Conclusion:

          Oral health disparities such as ECC and reduced OHRQoL exist among many First Nations and Metis children in Manitoba. This is the first Canadian study exploring the OHRQoL of Indigenous children in addition to their oral health status.

          Knowledge Transfer Statement:

          This study is the first to report on the oral health–related quality of life and its relationship to early childhood caries (ECC) among young Canadian First Nations and Metis children. Metis children are just as likely to suffer from severe ECC than First Nations children. The findings of this study have informed community-based and community-developed oral health promotion and ECC prevention activities.

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          Most cited references41

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          Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review.

          Perceived discrimination has been studied with regard to its impact on several types of health effects. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive account of the relationships between multiple forms of perceived discrimination and both mental and physical health outcomes. In addition, this meta-analysis examines potential mechanisms by which perceiving discrimination may affect health, including through psychological and physiological stress responses and health behaviors. Analysis of 134 samples suggests that when weighting each study's contribution by sample size, perceived discrimination has a significant negative effect on both mental and physical health. Perceived discrimination also produces significantly heightened stress responses and is related to participation in unhealthy and nonparticipation in healthy behaviors. These findings suggest potential pathways linking perceived discrimination to negative health outcomes. Copyright (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.
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            Assessment of oral health related quality of life

            In Dentistry, as in other branches of Medicine, it has been recognised that objective measures of disease provide little insight into the impact of oral disorders on daily living and quality of life. A significant body of development work has been undertaken to provide health status measures for use as outcome measures in dentistry. In descriptive population studies, poor oral health related quality of life is associated with tooth loss. There is a less extensive literature of longitudinal clinical trials, and measurement of change and interpretation of change scores continues to pose a challenge. This paper reviews the literature regarding the development and use of these oral health related QoL measures and includes an appraisal of future research needs in this area.
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              Trends in oral health status: United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2004.

              This report presents national estimates and trends for a variety of oral health status measures for persons aged 2 years and older by sociodemographic and smoking status since the late 1980s in the United States. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 and from the NHANES 1999-2004 were used. These data sources were designed to provide information on the health and nutritional status of the civilian noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Information from oral health examination methods common to both survey periods were used to present prevalence estimates and for trend analyses. Statistical significance of differences between common estimates from each survey period was evaluated using two-sided t-tests. This report provides mean, percentile values, and standard errors for dental caries, dental sealants, incisal trauma, periodontal health, dental visits, perception of oral health status, tooth retention, and edentulism. Additional estimates for monitoring progress toward the Healthy People 2010 oral health objectives using NHANES source data are presented as well. For most Americans, oral health status has improved between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. For seniors, edentulism and periodontitis has declined; for adults, improvements were seen in dental caries prevalence, tooth retention, and periodontal health; for adolescents and youths, dental sealant prevalence has increased and dental caries have decreased; however, for youths aged 2-5 years, dental caries in primary teeth has increased.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                JDR Clin Trans Res
                JDR Clin Trans Res
                JCT
                spjct
                JDR Clinical and Translational Research
                SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                2380-0844
                2380-0852
                21 October 2021
                October 2022
                : 7
                : 4
                : 435-445
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [2 ]Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [3 ]Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [4 ]Manitoba Metis Federation, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [5 ]Pine Creek First Nation, Camperville, MB, Canada
                [6 ]School of Dental Hygiene, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [7 ]Manitoba Health and Seniors Care, Government of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                [8 ]Healthy Smile Happy Child, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
                Author notes
                [*]R.J. Schroth, Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 507–715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada. Email: robert.schroth@ 123456umanitoba.ca
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-8646
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-5378
                Article
                10.1177_23800844211037992
                10.1177/23800844211037992
                9490442
                34672839
                09ec2437-39e4-4a77-94af-91f5a9c08354
                © International Association for Dental Research and American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research 2021

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Funding
                Funded by: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000024;
                Award ID: implementation Research Team grant for the “Scal
                Categories
                Original Reports
                Epidemiologic Research
                Custom metadata
                ts1

                preschool,indigenous peoples,dental caries,dental health survey,health status disparities,dental care for children

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