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      Improving Education and Training to Reduce the Burden of Occupational Cancer. The Riga-European Association of Schools of Occupational Medicine (EASOM) Statement on Work-Related Cancer

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          Abstract

          Reducing the burden of occupational cancers (OCs) is currently one of the most challenging Occupational Health (OH) issues. The European Union (EU) has made efforts to improve the existing legal framework and developed specific legislation aimed at reducing the burden of OC. However, available data suggest that OC are underreported. In August 2019, the European Association of Schools of Occupational Medicine (EASOM) adopted a statement that highlighted the importance of improving the education and training of Medical Doctors (MDs) to facilitate improvements in recognizing and reporting OC. To achieve this, EASOM proposes to promote OH education and training of MDs at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, foster harmonization of OH education and teaching standards and programs across EU countries, and enhance cooperation between universities and international scientific associations. Finally, we suggest that occupational data should be recorded in cancer and medical registers. By engaging MDs more fully in the debate about OCs, they will become more aware of the Occupational Physician’s role in reducing the burden of OCs and, furthermore, embed consideration of occupation as a potential cause of cancer into their own practice. These interventions will help promote the implementation of policies and interventions aimed to reduce OC in the workplace.

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          The Global Burden of Occupational Disease

          Lesley Rushton (2017)
          Purpose of Review Burden of occupational disease estimation contributes to understanding of both magnitude and relative importance of different occupational hazards and provides essential information for targeting risk reduction. This review summarises recent key findings and discusses their impact on occupational regulation and practice. Recent Findings New methods have been developed to estimate burden of occupational disease that take account of the latency of many chronic diseases and allow for exposure trends and workforce turnover. Results from these studies have shown in several countries and globally that, in spite of improvements in workplace technology, practices and exposures over the last decades, occupational hazards remain an important cause of ill health and mortality worldwide. Summary Major data gaps have been identified particularly regarding exposure information. Reliable data on employment and disease are also lacking especially in developing countries. Burden of occupational disease estimates form an important part of decision-making processes.
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            Environmental and Occupational Interventions for Primary Prevention of Cancer: A Cross-Sectorial Policy Framework

            Carolina Espina, Miquel Porta, Joachim Schüz … (2013)
            Background: Nearly 13 million new cancer cases and 7.6 million cancer deaths occur worldwide each year; 63% of cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial proportion of all cancers are attributable to carcinogenic exposures in the environment and the workplace. Objective: We aimed to develop an evidence-based global vision and strategy for the primary prevention of environmental and occupational cancer. Methods: We identified relevant studies through PubMed by using combinations of the search terms “environmental,” “occupational,” “exposure,” “cancer,” “primary prevention,” and “interventions.” To supplement the literature review, we convened an international conference titled “Environmental and Occupational Determinants of Cancer: Interventions for Primary Prevention” under the auspices of the World Health Organization, in Asturias, Spain, on 17–18 March 2011. Discussion: Many cancers of environmental and occupational origin could be prevented. Prevention is most effectively achieved through primary prevention policies that reduce or eliminate involuntary exposures to proven and probable carcinogens. Such strategies can be implemented in a straightforward and cost-effective way based on current knowledge, and they have the added benefit of synergistically reducing risks for other noncommunicable diseases by reducing exposures to shared risk factors. Conclusions: Opportunities exist to revitalize comprehensive global cancer control policies by incorporating primary interventions against environmental and occupational carcinogens.
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              Cancer registries in Europe—going forward is the only option

              Ana Forsea (2016)
              Cancer registries (CR) are the fundamental source of objective cancer data, and thus are indispensable for the evaluation of the cancer burden and for design of effective cancer control plans. Their potential roles spread far beyond epidemiological research, from the exploration of the causes of cancer to health economics, from the evaluation of mass screening programmes to monitoring the quality and outcomes of health services, from addressing the inequalities in access to healthcare, to patients’ quality of life analyses, from treatment safety to the development of biomarkers. In Europe, cancer registration is challenged by significant disparities in the quality and coverage of CRs, by insufficient harmonisation and comparability of procedures and data, by heterogeneous legislation that limits CR’s abilities for networking, collaboration, and participation in research. These arise against the background of large variations in economical, regulatory, social, and cultural national contexts. Important steps have been taken at European Union (EU)-level in recent years towards mapping and understanding these challenges, identifying best practices and formulating sensible recommendations, and creating the policy frameworks and the tools for cooperation and information sharing. Yet, as cancer has now become the second cause of death in Europe, one third of the population still lacks quality cancer registration, mostly in the regions with lowest resources and health status. It is therefore imperative that the efforts to support the development of CRs continue, and that the wealth of knowledge and vision acquired in this area is transformed into action.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijerph
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 March 2020
                Publication date (Print): April 2020
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2279
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza and Scientific Research Group GIIS-063 (IIS-Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
                [2 ]Service du Santé au Travail, Multisectoriel (STM), 1630 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; nicole.majery@ 123456stm.lu
                [3 ]Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; petar.bulat@ 123456med.bg.ac.rs
                [4 ]Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH), FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland; soile.jungewelter@ 123456ttl.fi
                [5 ]Discipline of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300041 Timişoara, Romania; eapauncu@ 123456gmail.com
                [6 ]Academy of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, 12159 Berlin, Germany; weigel-arbeitsmedizin@ 123456mailbox.org
                [7 ]Croatian Institute of Public Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; marija.bubas@ 123456gmail.com
                [8 ]Clinical Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; alenka.skerjanc@ 123456gmail.com
                [9 ]Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradins University, LV1007 Riga, Latvia; Ivars.vanadzins@ 123456rsu.lv
                [10 ]Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Riga Stradins University, LV1007 Riga, Latvia; maija.eglite@ 123456rsu.lv
                [11 ]Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; mlarrosa@ 123456salud.aragon.es
                [12 ]Health Services Research & Primary Care, Division of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Jill.Stocks@ 123456manchester.ac.uk
                [13 ]Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; lode.godderis@ 123456kuleuven.be
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mjarreta@ 123456unizar.es
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6469-9189
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-8960
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4764-8835
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-17-02279
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072279
                PMC ID: 7178232
                PubMed ID: 32231054
                SO-VID: 0a0ed408-58d3-4cd4-b06d-bbeec1e25f13
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 31 October 2019
                Date accepted : 25 March 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Conference Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: work related cancer,occupational cancer,prevention,education and training,easom
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: work related cancer, occupational cancer, prevention, education and training, easom

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