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      Is Open Access

      Reduction of Deterministic Thinking Among Cancer Patients as a New Method to Increase Psychosocial Adjustments

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          Abstract

          Background

          Deterministic thinking is one of the major cognitive distortions. This type of thinking ignores any possibility in making a conclusion about events. Any consequence of an event may be thought as: 2×2= 4. Equality is a dominant factor among all conclusions of this kind of distortion. Distortion emerges in cognitive rigidity in the mind and could be the source of all distortions. Cognitive rigidity is a main reason for depression and other psychosocial maladjustments.

          Methods

          Challenging distortion was discussed as a new method for improving psychological conditions of cancer patients. Adapting the cultural base of the method, distortion is explained as a destructive factor which ruins the balance of fear and hope, the two important signs of faith in Islamic perspective.

          Results

          The consequence of challenging distortion to reduce depression and anxiety has been explained based on the Islamic Culture.

          Conclusion

          For the first time, in this study, it was proposed that how this method can be used in the treatment of psychological disorders of cancer patients.

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          Most cited references78

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              Psychosocial interventions for depression, anxiety, and quality of life in cancer survivors: meta-analyses.

              Michael Feuerstein, Jennifer Osborn, Angelique Demoncada (2005)
              The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and patient education (PE) on commonly reported problems (depression, anxiety, pain, physical functioning, and quality of life (QOL)) in adult cancer survivors. Meta analyses of randomized controlled trials of CBT and PE were conducted. MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO and the Cochrane Database were searched from 1993-2004. The effects of individual versus group interventions and short ( 8 months) term follow up are also reported. Fifteen studies met quality criteria. The sample size was 1,492 adult cancer survivors with an age range of 18-84. 790 were randomly assigned to intervention groups and 702 to control groups. CBT varied in duration from 4 weekly one-hour sessions to 55 weekly two-hour sessions. PE ranged from a single 20-minute session to 6 weekly one-hour sessions. Follow up ranged from 1 week to 14 months. CBT was effective for depression (ES = 1.2; 95% CI = 0.22-2.19), anxiety (ES = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.69-3.31), and QOL (ES = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.38-1.44). QOL was improved at both short and (ES = 1.45, 95% CI = .43-2.47) and long term (ES = .26; 95% CI = .06-.46) follow up. PE was not related to improved outcomes. CBT is related to short-term effects on depression and anxiety and both short and long term effects on QOL. Individual interventions were more effective than group. Various CBT approaches provided in an individual format can assist cancer survivors in reducing emotional distress and improving quality of life.
              Article 0 comments Cited 94 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Cancer Prev
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Cancer Prev
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJCP
                Title: Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention
                Publisher: Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 2008-2398
                ISSN (Electronic): 2008-2401
                Publication date (Print): Spring 2012
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 81-86
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Dept. of Counseling, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Seyyed Jalal Younesi, PhD; Assistant Professor of Psychology Tel: (+98) 21 22 18 00 61 Email: jyounesi@ 123456uswr.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJCP-05-081
                PMC ID: 4299623
                SO-VID: 0a1b691c-a19e-49e9-8356-bc318988df9a
                Copyright © © 2014 Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                Date received : 02 July 2011
                Date accepted : 20 October 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: cognitive therapy,neoplasm,depression,anxiety
                Data availability:
                Keywords: cognitive therapy, neoplasm, depression, anxiety

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