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      Comparative Antibody Responses Against three Antimalarial Vaccine Candidate Antigens from Urban and Rural Exposed Individuals in Gabon

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          Abstract

          The analysis of immune responses in diverse malaria endemic regions provides more information to understand the host’s immune response to Plasmodium falciparum. Several plasmodial antigens have been reported as targets of human immunity. PfAMA1 is one of most studied vaccine candidates; PfRH5 and Pf113 are new promising vaccine candidates. The aim of this study was to evaluate humoral response against these three antigens among children of Lastourville (rural area) and Franceville (urban area). Malaria was diagnosed using rapid diagnosis tests. Plasma samples were tested against these antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that malaria prevalence was five times higher in the rural area than in the urban area ( p < 0.0001). The anti-PfAMA1 and PfRh5 response levels were significantly higher in Lastourville than in Franceville ( p < 0.0001; p = 0.005). The anti-AMA1 response was higher than the anti-Pf113 response, which in turn was higher than the anti-PfRh5 response in both sites. Anti-PfAMA1 levels were significantly higher in infected children than those in uninfected children ( p = 0.001) in Franceville. Anti-Pf113 and anti-PfRh5 antibody levels were lowest in children presenting severe malarial anemia. These three antigens are targets of immunity in Gabon. Further studies on the role of Pf113 in antimalarial protection against severe anemia are needed.

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          Most cited references 45

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          Gamma-globulin and acquired immunity to human malaria.

           S. Cohen,  I A McGregor,  S Carrington (1961)
          Article 1 comments Cited 283 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A field trial to assess a blood-stage malaria vaccine.

             Mahamadou Thera,  Ogobara K. Doumbo,  Drissa Coulibaly … (2011)
            Blood-stage malaria vaccines are intended to prevent clinical disease. The malaria vaccine FMP2.1/AS02(A), a recombinant protein based on apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, has previously been shown to have immunogenicity and acceptable safety in Malian adults and children. In a double-blind, randomized trial, we immunized 400 Malian children with either the malaria vaccine or a control (rabies) vaccine and followed them for 6 months. The primary end point was clinical malaria, defined as fever and at least 2500 parasites per cubic millimeter of blood. A secondary end point was clinical malaria caused by parasites with the AMA1 DNA sequence found in the vaccine strain. The cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 48.4% in the malaria-vaccine group and 54.4% in the control group; efficacy against the primary end point was 17.4% (hazard ratio for the primary end point, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 1.09; P=0.18). Efficacy against the first and subsequent episodes of clinical malaria, as defined on the basis of various parasite-density thresholds, was approximately 20%. Efficacy against clinical malaria caused by parasites with AMA1 corresponding to that of the vaccine strain was 64.3% (hazard ratio, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.86; P=0.03). Local reactions and fever after vaccination were more frequent with the malaria vaccine. On the basis of the primary end point, the malaria vaccine did not provide significant protection against clinical malaria, but on the basis of secondary results, it may have strain-specific efficacy. If this finding is confirmed, AMA1 might be useful in a multicomponent malaria vaccine. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00460525.).
            Article 0 comments Cited 113 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Immunoglobulin G subclass-specific responses against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens are associated with control of parasitemia and protection from symptomatic illness.

               Stephen M Richards,  C. Anders,  Paul Gilson … (2009)
              Substantial evidence indicates that antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens play a role in protection from malaria, although the precise targets and mechanisms mediating immunity remain unclear. Different malaria antigens induce distinct immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass responses, but the importance of different responses in protective immunity from malaria is not known and the factors determining subclass responses in vivo are poorly understood. We examined IgG and IgG subclass responses to the merozoite antigens MSP1-19 (the 19-kDa C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1), MSP2 (merozoite surface protein 2), and AMA-1 (apical membrane antigen 1), including different polymorphic variants of these antigens, in a longitudinal cohort of children in Papua New Guinea. IgG1 and IgG3 were the predominant subclasses of antibodies to each antigen, and all antibody responses increased in association with age and exposure without evidence of increasing polarization toward one subclass. The profiles of IgG subclasses differed somewhat for different alleles of MSP2 but not for different variants of AMA-1. Individuals did not appear to have a propensity to make a specific subclass response irrespective of the antigen. Instead, data suggest that subclass responses to each antigen are generated independently among individuals and that antigen properties, rather than host factors, are the major determinants of IgG subclass responses. High levels of AMA-1-specific IgG3 and MSP1-19-specific IgG1 were strongly predictive of a reduced risk of symptomatic malaria and high-density P. falciparum infections. However, no antibody response was significantly associated with protection from parasitization per se. Our findings have major implications for understanding human immunity and for malaria vaccine development and evaluation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EUJMI
                Title: European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology
                Publisher: Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                ISSN (Print): 2062-509X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2062-8633
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 November 2016
                Publication date Collection: 01 December 2016
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 287-297
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Unité de Parasitologie Médicale (UPARAM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) , BP 769 Franceville, Gabon
                [2 ]Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CP52 , 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
                [3 ]Ecole Doctorale Régionale en Infectiologie Tropicale d’Afrique Centrale (ECODRAC) , BP 876 Franceville, Gabon
                [4 ]Laboratoire de Recherches en Immunologie, Parasitologie et Microbiologie, Ecole Doctorale Régionale en Infectiologie Tropicale d’Afrique Centrale (ECODRAC) , BP 876 Franceville, Gabon
                [5 ]Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute , Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
                [6 ] Département de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Sciences de la Santé , BP 4008 Libreville, Gabon
                Author notes
                * Unité de Parasitologie Médicale (UPARAM), Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon; lekana_jb@ 123456yahoo.fr

                + These authors contributed equally to the article.

                Article
                DOI: 10.1556/1886.2016.00027
                PMC ID: 5146647
                Copyright statement: © 2016, The Author(s)

                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funding sources: The study was funded by the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF, Gabon) and the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF). This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust grant (number 098051).
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Data availability:

                Keywords: p. falciparum, antibodies, vaccine candidates, pf ama1, pf113, pfrh5, gabon

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