132
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares

      To submit to this journal, click here

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Le syndrome de Kallmann-de Morsier: à propos de trois cas Translated title: Kallmann-de Morsier syndrome: about 3 cases

      case-report

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Le syndrome de Kallmann-de Morsier (KS) est une maladie génétique du développement du système olfactif caractérisée par l'association d'un hypogonadisme hypogonadotrophique par déficit en gonadolibérine (GnRH) et d'une anosmie ou hyposmie. Le diagnostic se fait le plus souvent à l'adolescence devant une absence de puberté spontanée associée à un trouble de l'odorat, avec visualisation sur l'IRM hypothalamo-hypophysaire d'une hypoplasie voire une aplasie des bulbes et/ou des lobes olfactifs. Parfois, le diagnostic peut être évoqué dans la petite enfance devant l'association d'une cryptorchidie et d'un micropénis. Une mutation dans l'un de ses gènes connus n'est retrouvée que dans moins de 30% des cas et donc plusieurs autres gènes restent à découvrir. Grâce au traitement hormonal, la puberté se produit dans tous les cas, et la fertilité peut être obtenue dans la plupart des cas. Dans la présente étude, nous rapportons 3 cas de patients atteints de ce syndrome.

          Translated abstract

          Kallmann-de Morsier syndrome (KS) is a genetic disease of the olfactory system characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism also referred to as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency and anosmia or hyposmia (with hypoplasia or aplasia of the olfactory bulbs). Apart from sporadic cases that occur most often, familial Kallmann’s syndrome is being described with increasing frequency. Diagnosis is mainly made in adolescents with absence of spontaneous puberty associated with smell disorders with hypoplasia or even aplasia of the bulbs and/or of the olfactory lobes on MRI. Sometimes, the diagnosis may be suspected in early childhood due to the association of cryptorchidism and micropénis. A mutation in one of known genes is only found in less than 30% of cases and, therefore, many other genes are still to be found. Hormone therapy allows pubertal growth in all cases and fertility can be obtained in most of the cases. We here report 3 cases of patients with this syndrome.

          Related collections

          Most cited references11

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          A window of opportunity: the diagnosis of gonadotropin deficiency in the male infant.

          A common cause of micropenis is congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, whether isolated or associated with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. The postnatal surge in FSH, LH, and testosterone in the male infant as a consequence of the continued function of the fetal GnRH pulse generator provides a 6-month window of opportunity to establish the diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and alert the clinician to the possibility of its association with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. When ACTH or GH deficiency or both deficiencies are present, hypoglycemia and cortisol deficiency can lead to neonatal and infantile death or increased morbidity. Establishing the diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in infancy preempts the uncertainties and delays in distinguishing constitutional delay in puberty from hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Accordingly, hormone replacement therapy can be initiated at the normal age of pubertal onset. The ontogenesis of infantile testicular function, including the possible significance of the infantile surge in gonadotropins and testosterone, is reviewed. The molecular basis for certain developmental disorders associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and micropenis is considered and the management and treatment of congenital hypopituitarism discussed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            CHD7 mutations in patients initially diagnosed with Kallmann syndrome--the clinical overlap with CHARGE syndrome.

            Kallmann syndrome (KS) is the combination of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia, two features that are also frequently present in CHARGE syndrome. CHARGE syndrome is caused by mutations in the CHD7 gene. We performed analysis of CHD7 in 36 patients with KS and 20 patients with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nIHH) in whom mutations in KAL1, FGFR1, PROK2 and PROKR2 genes were excluded. Three of 56 KS/nIHH patients had de novo mutations in CHD7. In retrospect, these three CHD7-positive patients showed additional features that are seen in CHARGE syndrome. CHD7 mutations can be present in KS patients who have additional features that are part of the CHARGE syndrome phenotype. We did not find mutations in patients with isolated KS. These findings imply that patients diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia should be screened for clinical features consistent with CHARGE syndrome. If such features are present, particularly deafness, dysmorphic ears and/or hypoplasia or aplasia of the semicircular canals, CHD7 sequencing is recommended.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Clues to an early diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome.

              Kallmann syndrome (KS) is defined by the association of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia/hyposmia. Diagnosis is frequently delayed, however, because hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is usually not apparent until puberty and individuals with anosmia/hyposmia are often unaware of this sensory deficit. Mutations in at least six genes have been associated with KS; however, the sensitivity of molecular testing is only about 30% and, therefore, the diagnosis is largely based on clinical findings. We describe the findings in six individuals with KS, which demonstrate the utility of associated anomalies in making this diagnosis. Analysis of our case series and literature review suggests the consideration of KS for males with microphallus and/or cryptorchidism and for any patient with hearing loss, renal agenesis, and/or synkinesis. Conversely, patients with features of KS should have an audiology evaluation and a renal ultrasound. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                18 July 2019
                2019
                : 33
                : 221
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                [2 ]Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc
                [3 ]Unité de Génétique Médicale et d'Oncogénétique, Laboratoire Centrale d'Analyses Médicales, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                Author notes
                [& ]Auteur correspondant: Halima Marhari, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CHU Hassan II, Fès, Maroc
                Article
                PAMJ-33-221
                10.11604/pamj.2019.33.221.11678
                6814956
                0a28036b-8b25-4b08-8288-681f5a062550
                © Halima Marhari et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 January 2017
                : 29 June 2019
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope,mutation génétique,impubérisme,aménorrhée,anosmie,hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism,genetic mutation,impuberism,amenorrhea,anosmia

                Comments

                Comment on this article