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      Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Following Third Molar Surgery in an African Population

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          Abstract

          Introduction:

          Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is often associated with sequelae such as postoperative pain, facial edema, and limitation in mouth opening ability. These sequelae may result in changes in the patients’ lifestyle and quality of life (QoL).

          Aim:

          The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars on patients’ QoL in the immediate postoperative period (7 days).

          Materials and Methods:

          Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A total of 124 individuals with impacted mandibular third molars, who satisfied the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in this study, were included. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) QoL questionnaire was used to assess QoL. QoL was assessed preoperatively (baseline) and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 7. Maximal interincisal mouth opening, facial width, and pain were also reviewed at all evaluation points. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA).

          Results:

          A total of 124 individuals were included in the final analysis. An age range of 18–51 years with a mean (±standard deviation) of 28.5 (7.4) years was observed. A male to female ratio of 1:1.5 was observed. The most frequently encountered type of impaction was the mesioangular impaction 51 (41.1%) and recurrent pericoronitis was the principal reason for extraction 53 (42.7%). The severity of the sequelae (pain, trismus, and facial edema) was maximal on the first POD. Patients’ overall QoL deteriorated sharply on the first POD and subsequently improved.

          Conclusion:

          Surgical extraction of mandibular third molars is associated with worsening of patients’ postoperative QoL in the immediate postoperative period. Prospective patients should be informed about this, and ways of reducing this untoward effect should be explored.

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          Most cited references36

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          Development and evaluation of the Oral Health Impact Profile.

          The capacity of dental clinicians and researchers to assess oral health and to advocate for dental care has been hampered by limitations in measurements of the levels of dysfunction, discomfort and disability associated with oral disorders. The purpose of this research was to develop and test the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), a scaled index of the social impact of oral disorders which draws on a theoretical hierarchy of oral health outcomes. Forty nine unique statements describing the consequences of oral disorders were initially derived from 535 statements obtained in interviews with 64 dental patients. The relative importance of statements within each of seven conceptual subscales was assessed by 328 persons using Thurstone's method of paired comparisons. The consistency of their judgements was confirmed (Kendall's mu, P < 0.05). The reliability of the instrument was evaluated in a cohort of 122 persons aged 60 years and over. Internal reliability of six subscales was high (Cronbach's alpha, 0.70-0.83) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.42-0.77) demonstrated stability. Validity was examined using longitudinal data from the 60 years and over cohort where the OHIP's capacity to detect previously observed associations with perceived need for a dental visit (ANOVA, p < 0.05 in five subscales) provided evidence of its construct validity. The Oral Health Impact Profile offers a reliable and valid instrument for detailed measurement of the social impact of oral disorders and has potential benefits for clinical decision-making and research.
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            American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status classification

            Although the American Society of Anaesthesiologists’ (ASA) classification of Physical Health is a widely used grading system for preoperative health of the surgical patients, multiple variations were observed between individual anaesthetist’s assessments when describing common clinical problems. This article reviews the current knowledge and evaluation regarding ASA Classification of Physical Health as well as trials for possible modification.
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              The surgically induced stress response.

              The stress response to surgery, critical illness, trauma, and burns encompasses derangements of metabolic and physiological processes that induce perturbations in the inflammatory, acute phase, hormonal, and genomic responses. Hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism result, leading to muscle wasting, impaired immune function and wound healing, organ failure, and death. The surgery-induced stress response is largely similar to that triggered by traumatic injuries; the duration of the stress response, however, varies according to the severity of injury (surgical or traumatic). This spectrum of injuries and insults ranges from small lacerations to severe insults such as large poly-traumatic and burn injuries. Burn injuries provide an extreme model of trauma induced stress responses that can be used to study the long-term effects of a prolonged stress response. Although the stress response to acute trauma evolved to confer improved chances of survival following injury, in modern surgical practice the stress response can be detrimental.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Contemp Clin Dent
                Contemp Clin Dent
                CCD
                Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0976-237X
                0976-2361
                Oct-Dec 2017
                : 8
                : 4
                : 545-551
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
                [1 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Adebayo Aremu Ibikunle, Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto PMB 12003, Sokoto, Nigeria. E-mail: adebayoibikunle@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                CCD-8-545
                10.4103/ccd.ccd_435_17
                5754974
                0a2ea84c-743e-4891-8c5d-e8f8e16fedef
                Copyright: © 2017 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Categories
                Original Article

                Dentistry
                impacted third molar,quality of life,third molar extraction
                Dentistry
                impacted third molar, quality of life, third molar extraction

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