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      Presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and in controls : Presença de Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) em pacientes brasileiros com doença inflamatória intestinal e em controles

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          ABSTRACT

          CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:

          Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has attracted the interest of researchers because of similarities between paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MAP through cultures, histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on intestinal biopsies from Brazilian CD patients. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed on positive samples.

          DESIGN AND SETTING:

          Analytical cross-sectional study with control group at two federal universities.

          METHODS:

          Fresh samples were collected from 25 patients; five with CD, eight with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 12 controls with non-inflammatory bowel disease (nIBD). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from 143 patients were also collected: 44 CD, 49 UC and 56 nIBD.

          RESULTS:

          None of the fresh samples was positive for MAP. Five FFPE samples (one CD, two UC and two nIBD) and three fresh samples (one in each group) were positive through IS 900-PCR. qRT-PCR was performed on these eight samples. Among the FFPE samples, there were 192.12 copies/µl in the CD group, 72.28 copies/µl in UC and 81.43 copies/µl in nIBD. Among the fresh samples, there were 432.99 copies/µl, 167.92 copies/µl and 249.73 copies/µl in the CD, UC and nIBD groups, respectively. The highest bacterial load was in the CD group.

          CONCLUSION:

          This study does not provide evidence for a role of MAP in the etiology of CD, although MAP DNA was detected in all three patient groups. This is the first report of MAP presence in human intestinal biopsies in Brazil.

          RESUMO

          CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO:

          Mycobaterium avium subsp . paratuberculosis (MAP) tem atraído o interesse de pesquisadores devido às semelhanças entre a paratuberculose e a doença de Crohn (CD). Este estudo objetivou avaliar a frequência de MAP por meio de cultura, histologia e reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR), em biópsias intestinais de pacientes brasileiros com CD. PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qRT-PCR) foi realizada nas amostras positivas.

          TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL:

          Estudo transversal analítico com grupo controle realizado em duas universidades federais.

          MÉTODOS:

          Amostras frescas foram coletadas de 25 pacientes; cinco com CD, oito com colite ulcerativa (UC) e 12 controles sem doença inflamatória intestinal (nIBD). Também foram coletadas 149 amostras fixadas em parafina (FFPE): 44 CD, 49 UC e 56 nIBD.

          RESULTADOS:

          Nenhuma das amostras frescas foi positiva para MAP. Cinco amostras FFPE (uma CD, duas UC e duas nIBD) e três amostras frescas (uma de cada grupo) foram positivas por IS 900-PCR. qRT-PCR foi realizada nessas oito amostras. Nas amostras FFPE, havia 192,12 cópias/µl no grupo CD, 72,28 cópias/µl no UC e 81,43 cópias/µl no nIBD. Nas amostras frescas, havia 432,99 cópias/µl, 167,92 cópias/µl e 249,73 cópias/µl nos grupos CD, UC e nIBD, respectivamente. A maior carga bacteriana foi encontrada no grupo CD.

          CONCLUSÃO:

          Este estudo não fornece evidências do papel de MAP na etiologia da CD, embora DNA de MAP tenha sido detectado em pacientes dos três grupos. Este é o primeiro relato da presença de MAP em biópsias intestinais humanas no Brasil.

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          Most cited references64

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          Culture of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from the blood of patients with Crohn's disease.

          Crohn's disease, a form of inflammatory bowel disease, resembles some aspects of tuberculosis, leprosy, and paratuberculosis. The role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn's disease is controversial. We tested for MAP by PCR and culture in buffy coat preparations from 28 individuals with Crohn's disease, nine with ulcerative colitis, and 15 without inflammatory bowel disease. MAP DNA in uncultured buffy coats was identified by PCR in 13 (46%) individuals with Crohn's disease, four (45%) with ulcerative colitis, and three (20%) without inflammatory bowel disease. Viable MAP was cultured from the blood of 14 (50%) patients with Crohn's disease, two (22%) with ulcerative colitis, and none of the individuals without inflammatory bowel disease. Current use of immunosuppressive medication did not correlate with a positive MAP culture. Sequencing of PCR products from MAP cultures confirmed the presence of the MAP-specific IS900 fragment. Among 11 MAP isolates assessed, we identified nine strains that were not identical. We detected viable MAP in peripheral blood in a higher proportion of individuals with Crohn's disease than in controls. These data contribute to the evidence that MAP might be a cause of Crohn's disease.
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            Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            This systematic review assesses the evidence for an association between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease. We analysed 28 case-control studies comparing MAP in patients with Crohn's disease with individuals free of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or patients with ulcerative colitis. Compared with individuals free of IBD, the pooled odds ratio (OR) from studies using PCR in tissue samples was 7.01 (95% CI 3.95-12.4) and was 1.72 (1.02-2.90) in studies using ELISA in serum. ORs were similar for comparisons with ulcerative colitis patients (PCR, 4.13 [1.57-10.9]; ELISA, 1.88 [1.26-2.81]). The association of MAP with Crohn's disease seems to be specific, but its role in the aetiology of Crohn's disease remains to be defined.
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              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Crohn's disease.

              Crohn's disease is a disorder mediated by T lymphocytes which arises in genetically susceptible individuals as a result of a breakdown in the regulatory constraints on mucosal immune responses to enteric bacteria. Regulation of immune reactivity to enteric antigens has improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of Crohn's disease, and has expanded therapeutic options for patients with this disorder. Disease heterogeneity is probable, with various underlying defects associated with a similar pathophysiological outcome. Although most conventional drug treatments are directed at modification of host response, therapeutic manipulation of the enteric flora is becoming a realistic option.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                Sao Paulo Med J
                São Paulo Medical Journal
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                03 July 2015
                2016
                : 134
                : 1
                : 20-27
                Affiliations
                [I ] originalDVM, PhD. Collaborator, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [II ] originalDVM. Doctoral Student, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [III ] originalDVM, MSc. Collaborator, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [IV ] originalDVM. Master’s Student, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [V ] originalDVM, PhD. Professor, Veterinary Department, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas (IFNMG), Salinas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [VI ] originalDVM, PhD. Postdoctoral Student, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [VII ] originalMD. Resident Physician, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [VIII ] originalMD, PhD. Professor, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                [IX ] originalDVM, PhD. Professor, Veterinary Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n o, Campus Universitário - Viçosa (MG) - Brasil. CEP 36570-900. Tel. (+55 31) 3899-1470. E-mail: masm@ 123456ufv.br

                Conflict of interest: None

                Article
                10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8251809
                10496584
                26176833
                0a982e66-7304-4df0-a75c-14cbedc62674

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license.

                History
                : 14 January 2014
                : 21 August 2014
                : 18 September 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 0, Equations: 1, References: 27, Pages: 07
                Categories
                Original Article

                mycobacterium avium subsp,paratuberculosis,crohn disease,inflammatory bowel diseases,colitis, ulcerative,brazil

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