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      The effectiveness of long-needle acupuncture at acupoints BL30 and BL35 for CP/CPPS: a randomized controlled pilot study

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          Abstract

          Background

          The chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is one of the commonest chronic inflammatory diseases in adult men, for which acupuncture has been used to relieve related symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the long-needle acupuncture on CP/CPPS.

          Methods

          A randomized traditional acupuncture-controlled single blind study was conducted on 77 patients who were randomized into long-needle acupuncture (LA) and traditional acupuncture (TA) groups. The patients received six sessions of acupuncture for 2 weeks and a follow-up was scheduled at week 24. The primary outcome was measured by the total National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) score at week 2. Four domains of the NIH-CPSI (urination, pain or discomfort, effects of symptoms, and quality of life) and the clinical efficacy score served as the secondary outcome.

          Results

          The total NIH-CPSI score at week 2 and week 24 was significantly improved in the LA group compared with the TA group. LA significantly improved urination, pain or discomfort, the effects of symptoms, and the quality of life at week 2 and week 24 and patients undergoing LA treatment had a higher clinical efficacy score.

          Conclusion

          Needling at the BL30 and BL35 using LA benefits patients with CP/CPPS.

          Trial registration

          The study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register ( ChiCTR-ICR-15006138).

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          Most cited references21

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          Acupuncture mechanisms for clinically relevant long-term effects--reconsideration and a hypothesis.

          Christer Carlsson (2002)
          From the author's direct involvement in clinical research, the conclusion has been drawn that clinically relevant long-term pain relieving effects of acupuncture (>6 months) can be seen in a proportion of patients with nociceptive pain. The mechanisms behind such effects are considered in this paper. From the existing experimental data some important conclusions can be drawn: 1. Much of the animal research only represents short-term hypoalgesia probably induced by the mechanisms behind stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and the activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). 2. Almost all experimental acupuncture research has been performed with electro-acupuncture (EA) even though therapeutic acupuncture is mostly gentle manual acupuncture (MA). 3. Most of the experimental human acupuncture pain threshold (PT) research shows only fast and very short-term hypoalgesia, and, importantly, PT elevation in humans does not predict the clinical outcome. 4. The effects of acupuncture may be divided into two main components--acupuncture analgesia and therapeutic acupuncture. A hypothesis on the mechanisms of therapeutic acupuncture will include: 1. Peripheral events that might improve tissue healing and give rise to local pain relief through axon reflexes, the release of neuropeptides with trophic effects, dichotomising nerve fibres and local endorphins. 2. Spinal mechanisms, for example, gate-control, long-term depression, propriospinal inhibition and the balance between long-term depression and long-term potentiation. 3. Supraspinal mechanisms through the descending pain inhibitory system, DNIC, the sympathetic nervous system and the HPA-axis. Is oxytocin also involved in the long-term effects? 4. Cortical, psychological, "placebo" mechanisms from counselling, reassurance and anxiety reduction.
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            Behavioral therapy with or without biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation for persistent postprostatectomy incontinence: a randomized controlled trial.

            Patricia S Goode, Kathryn L Burgio, Theodore M. Johnson … (2011)
            Although behavioral therapy has been shown to improve postoperative recovery of continence, there have been no controlled trials of behavioral therapy for postprostatectomy incontinence persisting more than 1 year. To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral therapy for reducing persistent postprostatectomy incontinence and to determine whether the technologies of biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation enhance the effectiveness of behavioral therapy. A prospective randomized controlled trial involving 208 community-dwelling men aged 51 through 84 years with incontinence persisting 1 to 17 years after radical prostatectomy was conducted at a university and 2 Veterans Affairs continence clinics (2003-2008) and included a 1-year follow-up after active treatment. Twenty-four percent of the men were African American; 75%, white. After stratification by type and frequency of incontinence, participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 8 weeks of behavioral therapy (pelvic floor muscle training and bladder control strategies); behavioral therapy plus in-office, dual-channel electromyograph biofeedback and daily home pelvic floor electrical stimulation at 20 Hz, current up to 100 mA (behavior plus); or delayed treatment, which served as the control group. Percentage reduction in mean number of incontinence episodes after 8 weeks of treatment as documented in 7-day bladder diaries. Mean incontinence episodes decreased from 28 to 13 per week (55% reduction; 95% confidence interval [CI], 44%-66%) after behavioral therapy and from 26 to 12 (51% reduction; 95% CI, 37%-65%) after behavior plus therapy. Both reductions were significantly greater than the reduction from 25 to 21 (24% reduction; 95% CI, 10%-39%) observed among controls (P = .001 for both treatment groups). However, there was no significant difference in incontinence reduction between the treatment groups (P = .69). Improvements were durable to 12 months in the active treatment groups: 50% reduction (95% CI, 39.8%-61.1%; 13.5 episodes per week) in the behavioral group and 59% reduction (95% CI, 45.0%-73.1%; 9.1 episodes per week) in the behavior plus group (P = .32). Among patients with postprostatectomy incontinence for at least 1 year, 8 weeks of behavioral therapy, compared with a delayed-treatment control, resulted in fewer incontinence episodes. The addition of biofeedback and pelvic floor electrical stimulation did not result in greater effectiveness. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00212264.
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              Inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

              J. Curtis Nickel (2008)
              Prostatitis, a histologic diagnosis, has evolved over the years to describe a clinical syndrome that was believed to be associated with prostatic inflammation. Similarly, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), another histologic diagnosis, has evolved to describe a clinical syndrome believed to be associated with prostatic enlargement. Recent explorations of the interrelationships between these prostate-associated histologic and clinical conditions have generated much interest and excitement. This article describes these relationships and their impact on the management of, in particular, BPH.
              Article 0 comments Cited 34 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Minjie Zhou: zhouminjie19881109@163.com
                Mingyue Yang: 121262213@qq.com
                Lei Chen: joe8989@163.com
                Chao Yu: yubeyond@163.com
                Wei Zhang: 594975887@qq.com
                Jun Ji: 706596408@qq.com
                Chi Chen: 18930343327@189.cn
                Xueyong Shen: snowysh@hotmail.com
                Jian Ying:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-1568
                yingjian03@sina.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Complement Altern Med
                Title: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6882
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 May 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 12 May 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 17
                Electronic Location Identifier: 263
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai, China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2372 7462, GRID grid.412540.6, Graduate School, , The Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Shanghai, China
                [3 ]GRID grid.470937.e, The Department of Pain Management, , Luoyang Central Hospital, ; Luoyang, China
                [4 ]GRID grid.411480.8, , The Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Shanghai, China
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2372 7462, GRID grid.412540.6, Shanghai TCM-INTEGRATED Hospital, Shanghai, , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ; Shanghai, China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3609-1568
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1768
                DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1768-2
                PMC ID: 5429564
                PubMed ID: 28499367
                SO-VID: 0a9ab93a-8947-48a0-b22a-24272a397714
                Copyright © © The Author(s). 2017
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 8 August 2016
                Date accepted : 19 April 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: The study was supported by the funds from Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (No. 20134164)
                Award ID: CNY30000
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Shanghai Health and Family Planning Commission Chinese Medicine Research Fund (2014LP061A)
                Award ID: CNY30000
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: bl30,bl35,cp/cpps,acupuncture,long needle
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Complementary & Alternative medicine
                Keywords: bl30, bl35, cp/cpps, acupuncture, long needle

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