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      The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future.

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          Abstract

          Human-induced stresses of overfishing, eutrophication, climate change, translocation and habitat modification appear to be promoting jellyfish (pelagic cnidarian and ctenophore) blooms to the detriment of other marine organisms. Mounting evidence suggests that the structure of pelagic ecosystems can change rapidly from one that is dominated by fish (that keep jellyfish in check through competition or predation) to a less desirable gelatinous state, with lasting ecological, economic and social consequences. Management actions needed to stop such changes require tactical coping strategies and longer-term preventative responses based on fundamental and targeted research on this understudied group.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Trends Ecol Evol
          Trends in ecology & evolution
          Elsevier BV
          0169-5347
          0169-5347
          Jun 2009
          : 24
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Cleveland, QLD 4163, Australia. anthony.richardson@csiro.au
          Article
          S0169-5347(09)00088-3
          10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.010
          19324452
          0a9cc8af-bedd-4e94-b445-692e209bfd8a
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