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      Self-Persuasion Increases Healthy Eating Intention Depending on Cultural Background

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          Abstract

          Unhealthy eating behavior has become a global health risk and thus needs to be influenced. Previous research has found that self-persuasion is more effective than direct persuasion in changing attitudes and behavioral intentions, but the influence of the cultural backgrounds of those being persuaded remains unclear. We conducted two studies to investigate the effectiveness of self-persuasion and direct persuasion techniques in promoting healthy eating intention among different ethnicities in the Netherlands. Native Dutch, Moroccan–Dutch, and Turkish–Dutch participated both online and offline. Participants saw a poster with either a self-persuasion message (“Why would you choose healthier food?”) or a direct persuasion message (“Choose healthier food!”), and were then asked to report their intention to eat healthily in the upcoming month. Significant cultural differences were found between native Dutch and Moroccan–Dutch in Study 1, and between the native Dutch and Turkish-Dutch who participated offline in Study 2. Accordingly, cultural background was found to moderate the relationship between persuasion and healthy eating intention among these groups. These results provided preliminary evidence for the moderation effect of persuasion on healthy eating intention: Self-persuasion appears to be more effective for people with an individualistic background, and direct persuasion appears to be more effective for people with a collectivistic background.

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          Most cited references46

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              The what, how, why, and where of self-construal.

              Since the publication of Markus and Kitayama's pivotal article on culture and the self, the concepts of independent, relational, and interdependent self-construal have become important constructs in cultural psychology and research on the self. The authors review the history of these constructs, their measurement and manipulation, and their roles in cognition, emotion, motivation, and social behavior. They make suggestions for future research and point to problems still to be sorted out. Researchers interested in these constructs have many opportunities to make important contributions to the literature in a variety of fields, including health psychology, education, counseling, and international relations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                13 May 2020
                May 2020
                : 17
                : 10
                : 3405
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Governance, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
                [2 ]School of Politics and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
                [3 ]Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; c.vanhalen@ 123456psych.ru.nl (C.v.H.); r.vanbaaren@ 123456psych.ru.nl (R.B.v.B.); b.muller@ 123456bsi.ru.nl (B.C.N.M.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: s.li@ 123456sdu.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-6461
                Article
                ijerph-17-03405
                10.3390/ijerph17103405
                7277338
                32414167
                0ab075e4-868e-42de-9ff6-61be06a418f9
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 11 April 2020
                : 11 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                self-persuasion,direct persuasion,cultural background,healthy eating intention,persuasion communication

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