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      Long Non-Coding RNA PVT1 Regulates the Resistance of the Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 to Doxorubicin via Nrf2

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          Abstract

          Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most common malignant tumor types in females and its drug resistance is a major clinical issue. An increasing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as key regulators of drug resistance in TNBC. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) has been proved to promote the development of various cancer types. The present study suggested that PVT1 enhances the resistance of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 to doxorubicin and uncovered the molecular mechanism. PVT1 function assays and its target gene analyses were performed. We revealed that PVT1 promoted the protein stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) by inhibiting the binding of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) to Nrf2, which is beneficial to the resistance of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin. These novel results enhance the current knowledge regarding the versatile roles of PVT1 and lay a foundation for future developments of clinical applications.

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          Long Noncoding RNA and Cancer: A New Paradigm.

          Milad Soleimani, Subhrangsu Mandal, Arunoday Bhan (2017)
          In addition to mutations or aberrant expression in the protein-coding genes, mutations and misregulation of noncoding RNAs, in particular long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), appear to play major roles in cancer. Genome-wide association studies of tumor samples have identified a large number of lncRNAs associated with various types of cancer. Alterations in lncRNA expression and their mutations promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. LncRNAs may exhibit tumor-suppressive and -promoting (oncogenic) functions. Because of their genome-wide expression patterns in a variety of tissues and their tissue-specific expression characteristics, lncRNAs hold strong promise as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. In this article, we have reviewed the emerging functions and association of lncRNAs in different types of cancer and discussed their potential implications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Res; 77(15); 3965-81. ©2017 AACR.
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            LncRNA-mediated regulation of cell signaling in cancer

            Wan-Xin Peng, Pratirodh Koirala, Yin-Yuan Mo (2017)
            To date, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently discovered through functional genomics studies. Importantly, lncRNAs have been shown, in many cases, to function as master regulators for gene expression and thus, they can play a critical role in various biological functions and disease processes including cancer. Although the lncRNA-mediated gene expression involves various mechanisms, such as regulation of transcription, translation, protein modification, and the formation of RNA-protein or protein-protein complexes, in this review we discuss the latest developments primarily in important cell signaling pathways regulated by lncRNAs in cancer.
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              Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

              Cornelia Liedtke, Chafika Mazouni, Kenneth Hess … (2008)
              Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression. In this study, we compared response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and survival between patients with TNBC and non-TNBC. Analysis of a prospectively collected clinical database was performed. We included 1,118 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for stage I-III breast cancer from 1985 to 2004 and for whom complete receptor information were available. Clinical and pathologic parameters, pathologic complete response rates (pCR), survival measurements, and organ-specific relapse rates were compared between patients with TNBC and non-TNBC. Two hundred fifty-five patients (23%) had TNBC. Patients with TNBC compared with non-TNBC had significantly higher pCR rates (22% v 11%; P = .034), but decreased 3-year progression-free survival rates (P < .0001) and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates (P < .0001). TNBC was associated with increased risk for visceral metastases (P = .0005), lower risk for bone recurrence (P = .027), and shorter postrecurrence survival (P < .0001). Recurrence and death rates were higher for TNBC only in the first 3 years. If pCR was achieved, patients with TNBC and non-TNBC had similar survival (P = .24). In contrast, patients with residual disease (RD) had worse OS if they had TNBC compared with non-TNBC (P < .0001). Patients with TNBC have increased pCR rates compared with non-TNBC, and those with pCR have excellent survival. However, patients with RD after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have significantly worse survival if they have TNBC compared with non-TNBC, particularly in the first 3 years.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Technol Cancer Res Treat
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TCT
                Journal ID (hwp): sptct
                Title: Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 1533-0346
                ISSN (Electronic): 1533-0338
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 December 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 19
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1533033820980763
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
                [2 ]College of Biological Science and Technology, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
                [3 ]School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                [4 ]Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
                Author notes
                [*]Lin Yuan, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic diseases, Hubei Minzu University, No.39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi, Hubei, China. Email: yuanlines@ 123456163.com
                [*]Yao Xu, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No.2 Huangjiahu West Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Email: xuyaowh@ 123456wust.edu.cn
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-7641
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_1533033820980763
                DOI: 10.1177/1533033820980763
                PMC ID: 7750900
                PubMed ID: 33327894
                SO-VID: 0ab8cafd-751f-4a8a-af88-1bc234a88f0d
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 05 August 2020
                Date revision received : 07 October 2020
                Date accepted : 28 October 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 81860757
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date January-December 2020
                typesetter ts3

                Keywords: plasmacytoma variant translocation 1,nrf2,triple-negative breast cancer,doxorubicin,drug-resistant
                Data availability:
                Keywords: plasmacytoma variant translocation 1, nrf2, triple-negative breast cancer, doxorubicin, drug-resistant

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