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      Trait anxiety and trait anger measured by ecological momentary assessment and their correspondence with traditional trait questionnaires.

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          Abstract

          Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of anxiety and anger/hostility were obtained every 25-30 minutes over two 24-hour periods, separated by a median of 6 months, from 165 employees at a university in the Northeast. We used a multilevel trait-state-error structural equation model to estimate: (1) the proportion of variance in EMA anxiety and anger/hostility attributable to stable trait-like individual differences; (2) the correspondence between these trait-like components of EMA anxiety and anger/hostility and traditional questionnaire measures of each construct; and (3) the test-retest correlation between two 24-hour averages obtained several months apart. After adjustment for measurement error, more than half the total variance in EMA reports of anxiety and anger/hostility is attributable to stable trait-like individual differences; however, the trait-like component of each construct is only modestly correlated with questionnaire measures of that construct. The 6-month "test-retest" correlations of latent variables representing the true 24-hour EMA average anxiety and average anger are quite high (r ≥ 0.83). This study represents the longest follow-up period over which EMA-based estimates of traits have been examined. The results suggest that although the trait component (individual differences) of EMA momentary ratings of anxiety and anger is larger than the state component, traditional self-report questionnaires of trait anxiety and anger correspond only weakly with EMA-defined traits.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Res Pers
          Journal of research in personality
          0092-6566
          0092-6566
          Dec 2013
          : 47
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center.
          Article
          NIHMS516496
          10.1016/j.jrp.2013.08.005
          3815708
          24198441
          0acd19b7-90bb-4baa-8511-cb5aeed435f8
          History

          Ecological momentary assessment,anger,anxiety,assessment methods,multilevel modeling,trait versus state measurement

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