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      Utilidad del trabecular bone score en sujetos adultos con osteogénesis imperfecta Translated title: Usefulness of the trabecular bone score in adult subjects with osteogenesis imperfecta

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad del trabecular bone score (TBS) en adultos con osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) y su relación con variables clínicas, antropométricas y densitométricas, especialmente con la presencia de fracturas y la severidad de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 31 pacientes adultos con OI (edad 40.5±15.2 años, 68% mujeres, 87% tipo I). Se analizaron las características clínicas de los pacientes (fracturas, tipo de OI, IMC y tratamiento), la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) (mediante DXA), valorando la presencia de osteoporosis densitométrica, y los valores de TBS (TBS iNsight), estimando la presencia de microarquitectura degradada (valores <1.230). Los resultados se compararon entre los diferentes tipos de OI (I y III-IV) y con los de un grupo control de sujetos sanos. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes (29/31, 94%) tenían antecedentes de fracturas y el 29% recibía tratamiento antiosteoporótico. El 61% tenía una osteoporosis densitométrica y el 19% tenían una microarquitectura degradada. No se observaron diferencias en los valores del TBS según la gravedad de la OI (OI tipo I vs. III-IV: 1.297 vs. 1.339, p=n.s.); ningún paciente con OI tipo III-IV tenía TBS<1.230. Los valores de TBS se relacionaron con la edad (r=-0.6, p<0.01), la DMO lumbar (r=0.4, p=0.03) y el IMC (r=-0.5, p=0.01). Los pacientes con OI tenían valores más bajos de TBS y DMO que el grupo control en todas las localizaciones analizadas. Conclusiones: El TBS es poco sensible en la valoración de la calidad ósea en la OI, pues ninguno de los pacientes con OI grave tenía una microarquitectura degradada y ésta sólo se observó en el 19% de los pacientes con OI a pesar de presentar una alta prevalencia de fracturas.

          Translated abstract

          Summary Objective: To analyze the usefulness of the trabecular bone score (TBS) in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and its relationship with clinical, anthropometric and densitometric variables, especially with the presence of fractures and the severity of the disease. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 31 adult patients with OI (age 40.5±15.2 years, 68% women, 87% type I). The clinical characteristics of the patients (fractures, type of OI, BMI and treatment), bone mineral density (BMD) (using DXA), assessing the presence of densitometric osteoporosis, and TBS values (TBS iNsight), estimating the presence of degraded microarchitecture (values <1.230). The results were compared between the different OI types (I and III-IV) and with those of a control group of healthy subjects. Results: Most of the patients (29/31, 94%) had a history of fractures and 29% received antiosteoporotic treatment. 61% had densitometric osteoporosis and 19% had degraded microarchitecture. No differences were observed in the TBS values according to OI severity (OI type I vs. III-IV: 1,297 vs. 1,339, p=n.s.); no patient with OI type III-IV had TBS <1230. TBS values were related to age (r=-0.6, p<0.01), lumbar BMD (r=0.4, p=0.03) and BMI (r=-0.5 , p=0.01). Patients with OI had lower values of TBS and BMD than the control group in all locations analyzed. Conclusions: TBS is not very sensitive in assessing bone quality in OI, since none of the patients with severe OI had a degraded microarchitecture and this was only observed in 19% of patients with OI despite presenting a high prevalence of fractures.

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          Genetic heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta.

          An epidemiological and genetical study of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in Victoria, Australia confirmed that there are at least four distinct syndromes at present called OI. The largest group of patients showed autosomal dominant inheritance of osteoporosis leading to fractures and distinctly blue sclerae. A large proportion of adults had presenile deafness or a family history of presenile conductive hearing loss. A second group, who comprised the majority of newborns with neonatal fractures, all died before or soon after birth. These had characteristic broad, crumpled femora and beaded ribs in skeletal x-rays. Autosomal recessive inheritance was likely for some, if not all, of these cases. A third group, two thirds of whom had fractures at birth, showed severe progressive deformity of limbs and spine. The density of scleral blueness appeared less than that seen in the first group of patients and approximated that seen in normal children and adults. Moreover, the blueness appeared to decrease with age. All patients in this group were sporadic cases. The mode of inheritance was not resolved by the study, but it is likely that the group is heterogeneous with both dominant and recessive genotypes responsible for the syndrome. The fourth group of patients showed dominant inheritance of osteoporosis leading to fractures, with variable deformity of long bones, but normal sclerae.
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            A Meta-Analysis of Trabecular Bone Score in Fracture Risk Prediction and Its Relationship to FRAX

            Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray-level textural index of bone microarchitecture derived from lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images. TBS is a bone mineral density (BMD)-independent predictor of fracture risk. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether TBS predicted fracture risk independently of FRAX probability and to examine their combined performance by adjusting the FRAX probability for TBS. We utilized individual-level data from 17,809 men and women in 14 prospective population-based cohorts. Baseline evaluation included TBS and the FRAX risk variables, and outcomes during follow-up (mean 6.7 years) comprised major osteoporotic fractures. The association between TBS, FRAX probabilities, and the risk of fracture was examined using an extension of the Poisson regression model in each cohort and for each sex and expressed as the gradient of risk (GR; hazard ratio per 1 SD change in risk variable in direction of increased risk). FRAX probabilities were adjusted for TBS using an adjustment factor derived from an independent cohort (the Manitoba Bone Density Cohort). Overall, the GR of TBS for major osteoporotic fracture was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.53) when adjusted for age and time since baseline and was similar in men and women (p > 0.10). When additionally adjusted for FRAX 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture, TBS remained a significant, independent predictor for fracture (GR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.24-1.41). The adjustment of FRAX probability for TBS resulted in a small increase in the GR (1.76, 95% CI 1.65-1.87 versus 1.70, 95% CI 1.60-1.81). A smaller change in GR for hip fracture was observed (FRAX hip fracture probability GR 2.25 vs. 2.22). TBS is a significant predictor of fracture risk independently of FRAX. The findings support the use of TBS as a potential adjustment for FRAX probability, though the impact of the adjustment remains to be determined in the context of clinical assessment guidelines. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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              Trabecular bone score (TBS) as a new complementary approach for osteoporosis evaluation in clinical practice.

              Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a recently-developed analytical tool that performs novel grey-level texture measurements on lumbar spine dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, and thereby captures information relating to trabecular microarchitecture. In order for TBS to usefully add to bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors in osteoporosis risk stratification, it must be independently associated with fracture risk, readily obtainable, and ideally, present a risk which is amenable to osteoporosis treatment. This paper summarizes a review of the scientific literature performed by a Working Group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis. Low TBS is consistently associated with an increase in both prevalent and incident fractures that is partly independent of both clinical risk factors and areal BMD (aBMD) at the lumbar spine and proximal femur. More recently, TBS has been shown to have predictive value for fracture independent of fracture probabilities using the FRAX® algorithm. Although TBS changes with osteoporosis treatment, the magnitude is less than that of aBMD of the spine, and it is not clear how change in TBS relates to fracture risk reduction. TBS may also have a role in the assessment of fracture risk in some causes of secondary osteoporosis (e.g., diabetes, hyperparathyroidism and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis). In conclusion, there is a role for TBS in fracture risk assessment in combination with both aBMD and FRAX.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                romm
                Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral
                Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner
                Sociedad Española de Investigaciones Óseas y Metabolismo Mineral (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1889-836X
                2173-2345
                December 2022
                : 14
                : 4
                : 125-130
                Affiliations
                [03] Barcelona orgnameHospital Clínic orgdiv1Laboratorio de Inmunología España
                [01] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Hospital Clínic orgdiv2Servicio de Reumatología Spain
                [02] Barcelona orgnameHospital Clínic orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Nuclear España
                Article
                S1889-836X2022000400005 S1889-836X(22)01400400005
                10.4321/s1889-836x2022000400005
                0b02c8a3-e448-4750-9f3f-3aa72db3eb81

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 October 2022
                : 21 February 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Spain

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                trabecular bone score,osteogénesis imperfecta,TBS,osteogenesis imperfecta

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