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      Translation and validation of the Dutch SarQoL®, a quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia

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          Abstract

          Objectives:

          To translate the Sarcopenia Quality of Life (SarQoL®) questionnaire into Dutch and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of this questionnaire.

          Methods:

          The translation was carried out using a 5-step process, with 2 initial translations, a merging of these 2 translations, 2 backwards translations, an expert committee review and a pretest of the questionnaire. Sarcopenia was diagnosed with the EWGSOP algorithm. The validation consisted of an examination of the discriminative power, internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest reliability and floor and ceiling effects.

          Results:

          No significant problems were encountered during the translation process. A total of 92 subjects were included in the validation part of this study, 30 of which were sarcopenic. Discriminative power between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects was found for all domains and the Overall score (median overall QoL score: 67.15 vs 79.72; p=0.003). High internal consistency was found (Cronbach’s alpha=0.883), as well as good construct validity with 75% of hypotheses confirmed. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC=0.976; 95% CI=0.947-0.989) and no floor or ceiling effects were observed.

          Conclusion:

          The Dutch version of the SarQoL® questionnaire is ready for use in clinical and research applications.

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          Epidemiology of sarcopenia among the elderly in New Mexico.

          R. Paul Ross, Markus Baumgartner, L. Romero … (1998)
          Muscle mass decreases with age, leading to "sarcopenia," or low relative muscle mass, in elderly people. Sarcopenia is believed to be associated with metabolic, physiologic, and functional impairments and disability. Methods of estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated risks in elderly populations are lacking. Data from a population-based survey of 883 elderly Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women living in New Mexico (the New Mexico Elder Health Survey, 1993-1995) were analyzed to develop a method for estimating the prevalence of sarcopenia. An anthropometric equation for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass was developed from a random subsample (n = 199) of participants and was extended to the total sample. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg)/height2 (m2) being less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young reference group. Prevalences increased from 13-24% in persons under 70 years of age to >50% in persons over 80 years of age, and were slightly greater in Hispanics than in non-Hispanic whites. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with self-reported physical disability in both men and women, independent of ethnicity, age, morbidity, obesity, income, and health behaviors. This study provides some of the first estimates of the extent of the public health problem posed by sarcopenia.
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            Welcome to the ICD‐10 code for sarcopenia

            Stefan D. Anker, John E. Morley, Stephan von Haehling (2016)
            Abstract The new ICD‐10‐CM (M62.84) code for sarcopenia represents a major step forward in recognizing sarcopenia as a disease. This should lead to an increase in availability of diagnostic tools and the enthusiasm for pharmacological companies to develop drugs for sarcopenia.
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              Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health‐related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia

              Charlotte Beaudart, Emmanuel Biver, Jean-Yves Reginster … (2016)
              Abstract Background A specific self‐administrated health‐related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia and Quality Of Life (SarQoL®), has been recently developed. This questionnaire is composed of 55 items translated into 22 questions and organized into seven domains of quality of life. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the psychometric properties (discriminative power, validity, reliability, floor and ceiling effects) of the SarQoL® questionnaire. Methods Sarcopenic subjects were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Liège, Belgium and were diagnosed according to the algorithm developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. We compared the score of the SarQoL® between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic subjects using a logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; construct validity was assessed using convergent and divergent validities. Test–retest reliability was verified after a two‐week interval using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). At last, floor and ceiling effects were also tested. Results A total of 296 subjects with a median age of 73.3 (68.9–78.6) years were recruited for this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed sarcopenic. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the total score and the scores of the different dimensions of the SarQoL® questionnaire were significantly lower for sarcopenic than for non‐sarcopenic subjects (54.7 (45.9–66.3) for sarcopenic vs. 67.8 (57.3 – 79.0) for non sarcopenic, OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.90–0.96)). Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. The SarQoL® questionnaire data showed good correlation with some domains of the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) and the EuroQoL 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires and with the mobility test. An excellent agreement between the test and the retest was found with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–0.95). At last, neither floor nor ceiling effects were detected. Conclusions The SarQoL® questionnaire is valid, consistent, and reliable and can therefore be recommended for clinical and research purposes. However, its sensitivity to change needs to be assessed in future longitudinal studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact
                Title: Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions
                Publisher: International Society of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions (Greece )
                ISSN (Print): 1108-7161
                Publication date (Print): December 2018
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 463-472
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Belgium
                [2 ]Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
                [3 ]Centre for Linguistic Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
                [4 ]Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
                [5 ]Department of Psychology, University of Liège, Belgium
                [6 ]Geriatrics Department, University Hospital Brussels, Belgium
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Anton Geerinck, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics - University of Liège, CHU - Sart Tilman - Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 13 (Bât. B23), 4000 Liège, Belgium E-mail: anton.geerinck@ 123456uliege.be
                Article
                Publisher ID: JMNI-18-463
                PMC ID: 6313042
                PubMed ID: 30511950
                SO-VID: 0b088fde-d423-4306-bef4-31bd90769f13
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date accepted : 18 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: sarcopenia,quality of life,translation,validation,sarqol
                Data availability:
                Keywords: sarcopenia, quality of life, translation, validation, sarqol

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