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      Clinical Interventions in Aging (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on prevention and treatment of diseases in people over 65 years of age. Sign up for email alerts here.

      36,334 Monthly downloads/views I 3.829 Impact Factor I 7.4 CiteScore I 1.83 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.044 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Polypharmacy in the HIV-infected older adult population

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          Abstract

          The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among people older than 50 years is increasing. Older HIV-infected patients are particularly at risk for polypharmacy because they often have multiple comorbidities that require pharmacotherapy. Overall, there is not much known with respect to both the impact of aging on medication use in HIV-infected individuals, and the potential for interactions with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and coadministered medications and its clinical consequences. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of polypharmacy with a focus on its impact on the HIV-infected older adult population and to also provide some clinical considerations in this high-risk population.

          Most cited references138

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          Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

          J Lazarou, B H Pomeranz, P N Corey (1998)
          To estimate the incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADR) in hospital patients. Four electronic databases were searched from 1966 to 1996. Of 153, we selected 39 prospective studies from US hospitals. Data extracted independently by 2 investigators were analyzed by a random-effects model. To obtain the overall incidence of ADRs in hospitalized patients, we combined the incidence of ADRs occurring while in the hospital plus the incidence of ADRs causing admission to hospital. We excluded errors in drug administration, noncompliance, overdose, drug abuse, therapeutic failures, and possible ADRs. Serious ADRs were defined as those that required hospitalization, were permanently disabling, or resulted in death. The overall incidence of serious ADRs was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2%-8.2%) and of fatal ADRs was 0.32% (95% CI, 0.23%-0.41%) of hospitalized patients. We estimated that in 1994 overall 2216000 (1721000-2711000) hospitalized patients had serious ADRs and 106000 (76000-137000) had fatal ADRs, making these reactions between the fourth and sixth leading cause of death. The incidence of serious and fatal ADRs in US hospitals was found to be extremely high. While our results must be viewed with circumspection because of heterogeneity among studies and small biases in the samples, these data nevertheless suggest that ADRs represent an important clinical issue.
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            Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults: results of a US consensus panel of experts.

            Donna M Fick, James W. Cooper, William Wade … (2003)
            Medication toxic effects and drug-related problems can have profound medical and safety consequences for older adults and economically affect the health care system. The purpose of this initiative was to revise and update the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in adults 65 years and older in the United States. This study used a modified Delphi method, a set of procedures and methods for formulating a group judgment for a subject matter in which precise information is lacking. The criteria reviewed covered 2 types of statements: (1) medications or medication classes that should generally be avoided in persons 65 years or older because they are either ineffective or they pose unnecessarily high risk for older persons and a safer alternative is available and (2) medications that should not be used in older persons known to have specific medical conditions. This study identified 48 individual medications or classes of medications to avoid in older adults and their potential concerns and 20 diseases/conditions and medications to be avoided in older adults with these conditions. Of these potentially inappropriate drugs, 66 were considered by the panel to have adverse outcomes of high severity. This study is an important update of previously established criteria that have been widely used and cited. The application of the Beers criteria and other tools for identifying potentially inappropriate medication use will continue to enable providers to plan interventions for decreasing both drug-related costs and overall costs and thus minimize drug-related problems.
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              Polypharmacy in elderly patients.

              Emily Hajjar, Angela Cafiero, Joseph Hanlon (2007)
              Polypharmacy (ie, the use of multiple medications and/or the administration of more medications than are clinically indicated, representing unnecessary drug use) is common among the elderly. The goal of this research was to provide a description of observational studies examining the epidemiology of polypharmacy and to review randomized controlled studies that have been published in the past 2 decades designed to reduce polypharmacy in older adults. Materials for this review were gathered from a search of the MEDLINE database (1986-June 2007) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1986-June 2007) to identify articles in people aged >65 years. We used a combination of the following search terms: polypharmacy, multiple medications, polymedicine, elderly, geriatric, and aged. A manual search of the reference lists from identified articles and the authors' article files, book chapters, and recent reviews was conducted to identify additional articles. From these, the authors identified those studies that measured polypharmacy. The literature review found that polypharmacy continues to increase and is a known risk factor for important morbidity and mortality. There are few rigorously designed intervention studies that have been shown to reduce unnecessary polypharmacy in older adults. The literature review identified 5 articles, which are included here. All studies showed an improvement in polypharmacy. Many studies have found that various numbers of medications are associated with negative health outcomes, but more research is needed to further delineate the consequences associated with unnecessary drug use in elderly patients. Health care professionals should be aware of the risks and fully evaluate all medications at each patient visit to prevent polypharmacy from occurring.
              Article 0 comments Cited 332 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Interv Aging
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Interv Aging
                Title: Clinical Interventions in Aging
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9092
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-1998
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Print): 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 June 2013
                Volume: 8
                Pages: 749-763
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Highland Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
                [2 ]Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Krupa Shah Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Highland Hospital, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1000 South Ave, Rochester, NY 14620, USA, Tel +01 584 341 0762, Fax +01 584 341 8035, Email krupa_shah@ 123456urmc.rochester.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: cia-8-749
                DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S37738
                PMC ID: 3693722
                PubMed ID: 23818773
                SO-VID: 0b298882-ef6b-4bda-ae8d-b431d3864ec5
                Copyright © © 2013 Gleason et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd
                License:

                This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
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                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: hiv,older adults,polypharmacy
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Health & Social care
                Keywords: hiv, older adults, polypharmacy

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